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CDI
Introduction to
Innovative Design
Thinking
Lecture 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
Linguistic Analysis
Mind Map
Concept Map
The application of concept
map in design
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Power of Words
We can arouse creativity by
making use the power of
words in two ways:
1. Analyzation and
2. Free association.
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Linguistic Analysis
Linguistic analysis is a
contemporary philosophy
introduced by
Wittgenstein.
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Linguistic Analysis
Ancient Philosophy:
What is X?
Contemporary Philosophy:
Is X within the criteria of
Hunan’s knowledge?
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Linguistic Analysis
Analytical Philosophy:
Under the proposition,
what does the “X”
means?
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Linguistic Analysis
Definition:
To elucidate the meaning of the
keywords of a proposition,
clearly state the argument and
the criteria, which enable us to
analysis the proposition.
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Linguistic Analysis
Traps in languages:
1. Meaning incomplete歧義
2. Ambiguous expression闕義
3. Vague含混
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Linguistic Analysis
Traps in languages:
4. Coloured expression 色
5. Reification 實化
6. Idiosyncratic sense 闢義
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Linguistic Analysis
1. Meaning incomplete 歧義:
Sentence with correct
grammatical structure but with
incomplete or unknown
statement.
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Linguistic Analysis
1.Meaning incomplete:
e.g. Democracy is the best
political system.
Another example:
I am sorry about the plane
crash.
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Linguistic Analysis
2. Ambiguous expression 闕義:
When words have more than two
or more meanings, it will cause
mal-interpretation and is known
as ambiguous expression.
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Linguistic Analysis
2. Ambiguous expression:
e.g. 士可殺不可辱
Wow ---士 , 可殺 ! 不 ? 可辱 !
Another examples:
You are killing me.
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Linguistic Analysis
3. Vague 含混:
When a word apply without a
definite and precise criteria, the
meaning of the word is hard to
understand.
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Linguistic Analysis
3. Vague:
e.g. You are beautiful.
Another example:
By building 85,000 new apartment
annually, we can stabilize the
property market and provide
enough housing for citizens.
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Linguistic Analysis
4. Coloured expression:
The words used to substitutes
the “unmentionables” wordings
according to ethical, moral or
social constraints, which are
mostly emotional allegory.
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Linguistic Analysis
4. Coloured expression:
e.g. :
 I am creative.
 You are caprice.
 He is crazy.
 They are insane.
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Linguistic Analysis
5. Reification 實化 :
To imply a non-figurative
definition into a figurative
definition within a proposition
is known as Reification.
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Linguistic Analysis
5. Reification:
e.g. Knowledge is a key to
success.
Another example:
We can achieve creativity
through design education.
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Linguistic Analysis
6. Idiosyncratic sense 闢義:
It means the word has been
used in situation detached from
its original meaning.
Sometimes, the statement is
true, but useless and hard to
understand.
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Linguistic Analysis
6. Idiosyncratic sense:
e.g. Buddhist – All is one, and
one is all.
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Linguistic Analysis
Linguistic analysis relies very
much on Logical Empiricism.
There are two methods helping us
to distinguish words traps:
1.Analytical-synthetic distinction.
2.Meaning distinction.
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Linguistic Analysis
Analytical distinction count on
the peeling off the meaning of
a word by looking into the
definition. It depends on the
knowledge base of the reader,
and, a good dictionary.
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Linguistic Analysis
Meaning distinction have
three areas:
1.Cognitive meaning.
2.Non-cognitive meaning.
3.Cognitive meaningless.
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Linguistic Analysis
Do you really know the
meaning of a word?
Danger?
Power?
Look up the meaning of the
words in a dictionary.
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Linguistic Analysis
Do not stop until you can
trace back to the original
word. It will happens to be a
circle game.
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Linguistic Analysis
Demonstration:
Any word you would like
me to try?
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Mind Mapping
Mind Mapping is a
thinking method introduced
by Tony Buzan.
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Mind Mapping
Mind mapping is a new
note-taking technique.
This technique could be
used in a number of
situations.
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Mind Mapping
•
•
•
•
•
•
For planning
For problem solving
Making summaries
Formulating structure
Brain storming and idea generating
Note taking
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Mind Mapping
Keywords:
The parts of speech all play
their specific roles in language.
Keywords are words you pick
out of a text and store in your
memory. They help you to
recall the text when you need it
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Mind Mapping
A mind map for an apple.
Vitamins
Eve
Good
Green
Sweet
Pie
Autumn
Tree
Red
Export
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Mind Mapping
Eve
Symbol
Garden
Healthy
Juice
Good
Away doctor
Wine
Vitamins
Green
Sweet
Computer
The Beatles
Pie
Autumn
Food
Pesticides
Tree
Red
New York
Import
Export Newton’s Law
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Mind Mapping
Mind mapping technique can
helps you to develop memory
and learning skills. It equip you
unique pictures or words to
stimulate your imagination and
creative thinking.
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Mind Mapping
The principle is:
First abundance – then a
choice.
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Mind Mapping
Creativity is really the same
thing. By using many
possibilities you can later make
a choice of the most suitable in
order to solve a certain
problem or create a new idea.
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Mind Mapping
ANALTICAL
THINKING
- exclusion of
alternative solutions
F
E
W
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
S
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Mind Mapping
CREATIVE THINKING
-creating many ideas
A LARGE NUMBER
OF ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTIONS
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Mind Mapping
STARTING
POINT
CREATIVE
PHASE –
everything is
written down
M
A
N
Y CRITERIA
I TESTS
D EVALUATION
THE BEST
SOLUTIONS
E
A
S
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Mind Mapping
Demonstration:
Make a mind map for ……
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Mind Mapping
Activity:
Make a mind map for ……
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Mind Mapping
A computer software for
presenting mind map.
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Concept Map
Mind mapping is very useful in
deciphering an idea, diversify
and expand it to increase the
capabilities in creating new
meanings, or to “represent” the
idea at different levels.
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Concept Map
However, mind mapping is
sometimes chaotic and loosely
organized, which is difficult to
build up a hierarchical
structure for the idea.
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Concept Map
Concept map is a thinking
method helping one to build up
his/her concept created by the
mind map, and construct a map
of structured possibilities.
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Concept Map
The principle:
The map must start from
keyword at the conceptual
level. It can be a self-sustained
argument, or the finding from a
mind map.
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Concept Map
Points to note when making a
concept map:
1. The concept must be clearly
stated.
2. Show all the possibilities in
the concept.
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Concept Map
3. Illustrate the flow of
ideas/concept and the interrelationship.
4. Identify all the optional and
conditional phases.
5. No irrational dead ends.
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Concept Map
6. Allows intersection with
another concept map.
7. Can be revised at any design
stage.
8. It will not end before it
reaches a proposed solution.
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Concept Map
Demonstration:
Any concept????
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Concept Map
Activity:
Make a concept map for…..
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Concept Map
Concept map technique is very
useful in design education
especially for youngsters aged
around 12 – 13. Here are two
examples in the implementation
of concept map in F.2 D&T
projects in my school.
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Concept Map
Assignment:
Design a project for F.2
students in your school for the
implementation of the concept
map thinking method.
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References
Mind Mapping &
Memory, Ingemar
Svantesson
Wittgenstein, 1953,
Philosophical Investigations,
Blackwell.
Tien-ming Lee, 1981,
Logico-Linguistic Analysis –
Methods of Thinking (1)
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Thank You