Course TEN-702
Industrial waste management
unit-1
• Lecture -1 & 2
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“Introduction to the subject”
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Industrial Waste Management?
Why this subject is to be taught?
Scope?
Challenges?
Opportunities?
Environmental engineer and Industrial
Waste Management
• Practical application in the real life………
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3
Problems of industrial wastewaters
• Sources of pollutants
• Effects on
– Environment
– Human being
– Animals
– Plants
– aquaculture
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Point sources
• Wastes that are collected in pipes or
channels and discharged to a surface
water with or without treatment
• Distinguished by source
– municipal sewage or wastewater
– Industrial wastewater
– combined sewers and combined sewer
overflows
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Nonpoint sources
• Storm water runoff discharged at multiple
points
• Varies substantially with use of the land
runoff originates from
– agricultural
– urban
– suburban
– commercial
– special (e.g. golf courses)
• Minimal regulation
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Problems of industrial wastewaters
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Chronic effects and Acute effects
on the
– Environment
 AIR
 WATER
 LAND
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Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie:
Timeline
• 1969
Oil slicks on
Cuyahoga’s surface
caught fire, burned
for 8 days
Fireboats sent to
battle blaze, spread
fire when water from
river was used
http://www.clevelandmemory.org/SpecColl/croe/accfire.html
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http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dist/nedo/1.jpg
Dissolved Oxygen Depletion
(From: Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 3rd ed. by W.P
Cunningham and B.W. Saigo, WC Brown Publishers, © 1995)
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Cuyahoga River and Lake
Erie
Cleveland: raw or
inadequately
treated sewage
Akron: raw or
inadequately
treated sewage
Lake Erie
155 tons/d of toxic chem.,
solvents, oil and sludge
Sediment, animal manure,
pesticides, fertilizers
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Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie:
Pollutants
• Sewage, manure
nitrogen, phosphorus
pathogenic organisms
biodegradable chemicals – consume O2
• Fertilizers
nitrogen, phosphorus
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Pesticides, oil
• Toxic chemicals
• Sediments
The picture shows a fireboat breaking up an oil
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slick on December 19, 1961.
http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/engl/marling/60s/pages/richoux/1961OilSlick.html
Cuyahoga River and Lake Erie:
Effects of Pollutants
• Oxygen depletion
– septic conditions
– change in biota
– destruction of
certain species
• Malformations,
tumors,
biomagnification
– Restrictions on fish
consumption
• Accumulation in
sediments (benthic
organisms)
– more turbid waters
– loss of habitats
– clog fish gills
– change in biota
• Foaming
• Beach closings
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Problems….
• Chronic effects and Acute effects on the
-- Human being
FEATOUS
CHILDREN
WOMAN
AGED MEN
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Water and Health
• 80% of sickness in the world is caused by
inadequate water supply or sanitation
• 40% of the world population does not have
access to safe drinking water
• It is estimated that water-borne diseases
kill 25,000 people per day
• In many populated areas of the world,
water-borne diseases represent the
leading cause of death
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Problems………..
• Decline in sperm counts and
semen volume in men over
the past 50 years.
• Causes:
– DDT and DDE
– Hydroxylated forms of
polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs)
– p-Nonyl-phenol and
bisphenol-A
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Problems……
• Chronic effects and Acute effects on the
-- Animals
WILD LIFE
ENDANGERED SPECIES
Etc…..
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Problem: Feminization of Animals
• Wild Birds (Fry, UC-Davis)
– Organochlorine compounds build up in the
yolks of eggs and testes, which have both
ovarian and testicular regions
– Birds are essentially intersex and sterile
• Alligators in Lake Apopka, FL (Guillette,
UF-Gainesville)
– Permanent damage to the reproductive
systems of DDT-exposed alligators
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Feminization of Animals
• Great Lakes
– Sexual aberrations and unstable populations
among 16 species
– Related to PCBs, DDT and its metabolites
– Humans who ate 2-3 Lake Michigan fish a
month for at least 6 yrs preceding their
pregnancies:
• Bore children who were slightly preterm, had lower
birth weigh, smaller skull size, and other deficits
• At age 4 children exhibited short-term memory
loss.
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Problems….
Chronic effects and Acute effects on the
 Plants
 Aqua culture
 Aesthetics
 Etc….
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Phosphorus  Eutrophication
• increase in nutrients and
organic substances,
sediments
• overstimulation in growth of
algae and aquatic plants
• create conditions that
interfere with recreational
uses of lakes, and the health
and diversity of indigenous
life
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Toxic and Hazardous
Substances
• Heavy metals
• Other inorganic
elements
• Acids/bases
• Oxidants/reductants
• Chlorination byproducts
• Combustion byproducts
• Volatile organic
compounds
• Hydrophobic organic
compounds
• Endocrine disruptors
• Surfactants
• Petroleum Additives
• Pesticides
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Some Other Categories
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Trihalomethanes
Explosives and Propellants
Phenolics
Aldehydes
Organometallics
Asbestos
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Problems..…(at a glance)
• Suspended solids – can cause sludge deposits
and anaerobic conditions in the environment
• Biodegradable organics – can cause anaerobic
conditions in the environment
• Pathogens – transmit disease
• Nutrients – can cause eutrophication
• Heavy metals – toxicity to biota and humans
• Refractory organics – toxicity to biota and humans
• Dissolved solids – interfere with reuse
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Basic Steps in Solving an Industrial
Waste Problem
Phase 1
Definition of your role
Definition of the situation
Industrial survey/waste audit
Measurements, sampling and analysis
Evaluation of design options
Feasibility studies
Preliminary recommendations
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Basic Steps in Solving an Industrial
Waste Problem (cont.)
Phase 2
 Design parameter studies
 Preliminary design
Phase 3
 Pilot testing
 Final design
Phase 4
 Permitting
 Construction
 Start-up
-oOo25
Questions?
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Home assignment-1
• Identify the polluting industry
nearby with its waste streams
and enlist problems associated
with.
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Thank you!
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