Nerve :-A nerve is an enclosed, cablelike bundle of axons (the long, slender
projections of neurons)
 A cranial nerve nucleus:- is a collection
head of neurons brain stem.
 Ganglia :-mass of nerve cell bodies out
of brain
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Sensory nerves are afferent nerves, they
go to the brain. This makes sense
because all the information from your
senses are incoming to the brain. When
you touch something hot neurons fire
from the fingers to the brain.
Motor nerves are efferent nerves which
exit the brain. When you want to move
an arm, axons fire from the brain to the
arm.
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The nervous system is the part of
an animal's body that coordinates the
voluntary and involuntary actions of the
animal
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Ⅰ Olfactory nerve
Ⅱ Optic nerve
Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ Trochlear nerve
Ⅴ Trigeminal nerve
Ⅵ Abducent nerve
Ⅶ Facial nerve
Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear
nerve
Ⅸ Glossopharyngeal
nerve
Ⅹ Vagus nerve
Ⅺ Accessory nerve
Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
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Sensory cranial nerves: contain only afferent (sensory) fibers
› ⅠOlfactory nerve
› ⅡOptic nerve
› Ⅷ Vestibulocochlear nerve
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Motor cranial nerves: contain only efferent (motor) fibers
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Ⅲ Oculomotor nerve
Ⅳ Trochlear nerve
ⅥAbducent nerve
Ⅺ Accessory nerv
Ⅻ Hypoglossal nerve
Mixed nerves: contain both sensory and motor fibers--›
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ⅤTrigeminal nerve,
Ⅶ Facial nerve,
ⅨGlossopharyngeal nerve
ⅩVagus nerve
Cranial Nerve I
 Component: Sensory
 Function: Smell
Origin: The olfactory mucosa of the upper part
of the nasal cavity.
 Opening to the Skull: Openings in
cribriform plate of ethmoid
Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory
 Component: Sensory
 Function: Vision
 Origin: Back of the eyeball
retina of the eye
 Opening to the Skull: Optic Canal
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Component: Motor
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Function:
 Raises upper eyelid
 Turns eyeball upward, downward and
medially
 Constricts pupil
 Accommodates the eye
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Origin: Anterior surface of the midbrain
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Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure
 Component: Motor
 Function: Assisting in turning eyeball
downward
 Origin: Posterior surface of the midbrain
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure
Cranial Nerve V
V. Trigeminal Nerve
 Component: Sensory
 Function:
 Cornea
 Skin of forehead
 Scalp
 Eyelids and nose
 Mucous membranes of paranasal
sinuses and nasal cavity
 Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure
Infratrochlear
V1. Ophthalmic Nerve
o Component: Sensory
o Function:
o Skin of the face over maxilla
o Teeth of the upper jaw
o Mucous membrane of the nose, the
maxillary sinus and palate
o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
o Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum
V2. Maxillary Nerve
o Component: a. Motor
o Function:
o Muscles of mastication
o Mylohyoid
o Anterior belly of digastric
o Tensor veli palatine
o Tensor tympani
o Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
o Opening to the Skull: Foramen ovale
•
Component: b. Sensory
•
Function:
• Skin of cheek
• Skin over mandible and side of head
• Teeth of lower jaw and TMJ
• Mucous membrane of mouth and anterior
part of tongue
•
Origin: Anterior aspect of the pons
•
Opening to the Skull: Foramen Rotundum
V3. Mandibular Nerve
 Component: Motor
 Function: Lateral rectus muscle turns eyeball
laterally
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Superior orbital fissure
VI. Abducent Nerve
 Component: Mixed
 Function:
Motor
•
•
•
•
muscles of the face and scalp
Stapedius muscle
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid muscles
 Function:
Sensory
• Taste from ant. 2/3 of tongue, from the floor of the
mouth and palate
 Function:
Secretomotor
• Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
• Lacrimal gland
• Glands of nose and palate
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: internal acoustic
meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
VII. Facial Nerve
o Component: Sensory
Two divisions – cochlear (hearing)
and vestibular (balance)
o Function:
o Vestibular - Saculae, saccule, semicircular
canals – position of head
o Cochlear – Organ of Corti - hearing
o Origin: Medulla oblongata
o Opening to the Skull: Internal acoustic meatus
VIII. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
 Component: Mixed
 Function:
• Motor
 Function:
• Sensory
• Stylopharyngeus
muscle – assists
swallowing
• General sensation and
taste from post. ½ of the
tongue and pharynx
• Carotis sinus and carotid
body
 Function:
• Secretomotor
• Parotid gland
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen
IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
•The only cranial nerve that extends beyond the head
and neck
 Component: Motor
Function:
Heart and great thoracic blood vessels
Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
Alimentary tract from pharynx to splenic flexure
of colon
 Liver, kidney, pancreas
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 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen
X. Vagus Nerve
 Component: Motor
 Function:
 Cranial root
 Muscles of soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
 Muscles pharynx (except styopharyngeus)
 Muscles of larynx (except cricothyroid)
 Spinal root
 Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
 Origin:
Cranial root medulla oblongata
 spinal root : arising from the superior region of the spinal cord
( C1 – C6)
 The spinal root passes upward into the cranium via the
foramen magnum
 Opening to the Skull: Jugular foramen
 Component: Motor
 Function: Muscles of tongue (except
palatoglossus (cranial part of
the accessory nerve) controlling its
shape and movement)
 Origin: Medulla oblongata
 Opening to the Skull: Hypoglossal canal