1.Difference between power and
energy
Primary energy: Oil, Coal, Natural and
Primary electricity
B. Secondary energy: Oil --- oil products like
diesel and petrol, Coal --- coal briquette and
coke
C. Primary electricity: nuclear, geothermal,
wind, HEP
Secondary electricity: electricity generated
by burning fossil fuels
A.
2. Energy resource base of China: 3rd
largest in the world
A.
B.
C.
D.
Coal reserves 114.5 billion tonnes, 11.6% of
world total in 2000
Proven oil reserves 3.3 billion tonnes, 2.3% of
world total in 2000
Proven natural gas reserves 48.3 trillion cu.ft,
0.9% of world total in 2000
HEP resources, largest in the world:
developable 370,000 MW
Per capita energy availability less than 1/2 of
world average
3.Chinese energy production and
consumption,2003
 Oil
169.6 million tonnes
 Coal
1667 million tonnes
 Natural gas
35.0 billion cu.m
 Primary electricity 283.7 billion kwh
 Total electricity
1,910.6 billion kwh
 Total primary energy 1,603 billion
tonnes of coal equivalent
3.Chinese energy production and
consumption,2003

Fuel mix, with respect to consumption, in
2003
-- Coal 67.1%; Oil 22.7%; Natural gas 2.8%;
Primary electricity 7.4%
Effects of this fuel mix:
1. Adversely affects efficiency of energy use
2. Pollution problems
3. Inadequate coal transportation capacity
--- Coal accounts for 42% of total railroad
freight, 22%of road freight, 25% of water
freight and 30% of freight handled by
coastal ports
4.Distribution of energy resources in
China
A. Over 85% of coal resources located north of
Qinling and Huai He
--- Over 60% in N China
--- Less than 2% south of Yangtze
B. Over ½ of oil reserves in North-east
C. Natural gas resources: Proven reserves
1998
NW 31.3%, SE 20.9%, North 20.8%, NE 10.7%
D. HEP South-west 71%
5.Per capita energy availability (all
China=100)
 North
 Noth-west
 East
 South-west
 North-east
 Central
South
416
146
22
167
40
19
6.Movements of energy within
China

North-west and South-west
---- Energy moved out
 North-east
---- Oil moved out and coal moved in
 North
---- Both oil and coal moved out
 East and Central South
---- Energy has to be moved in
7. Distribution of Chinese Population
& Economics Activities

Chinese population & economics activities
along coastal provinces like Beijing, Tianjin,
Hebei, Shangdong, Shanghai, Jiangsu,
Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong.
---- Large Population
---- High level of economic development,
including industries, agriculture,
transportation system, trading and tourism
etc.
---- High standard of living
7. Distribution of Chinese Population
& Economics Activities
 Hence,
heavy consumption of energy &
electricity along coastal provinces.
 Example: in 2002, the four largest
consumers of electricity--- Guangdong,
Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang--- took
up 30% of national total.
 Mismatch between demand and supply
of energy in China in locational terms.
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project

Electricity generated by HEP resources in the
north-west and south-west, plus electricity
generated by coal in the north and south-west
to be supplied to the eastern provinces.
 The three channels
---- The northern channel: Coal-fired electricity
from mine-mouth plants at Shanxi, Shaanxi
and western Inner Mongolia, plus HEP from
the upper reaches of the Yellow River to be
transmitted to northern China, Shandong and
the Beijing-Tianjin area.
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project
---- The central channel: Centred on the
Three Gorges Project, to supply central
and eastern China.
---- The southern channel: HEP (plus
some coal-fired power from mine-mouth
plants in Guizhou) from Guizhou,
Yunnan and Guangxi to be supplied to
Guangdong
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project

Functions of the Projects
1) To help satisfy power demand in the
coastal provinces.
---- in 2002, Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu,
Zhejiang and Guangdong consumed more
electricity than generated.
---- Concurrently, Shanxi Inner Mongolia,
Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Liaoning
produced more power than consumed.
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project
2) To alleviate the coal transportation
problem
---- 70% of the thermal power in China
generated by burning coal and
electricity generation is the largest use
of coal, hence transmitting electricity
from the western provinces to the east
will reduce the need for coal transport.
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project
3) In reality, could only play
supplementary role in satisfying eastern
power demand, e.g., estimated that by
2005, the project could satisfy 22% of
Guangdong power demand.
8. The West-east Electricity
Transmission Project
 Other
benefits
1) Stimulate development of western
provinces.
2) Improve environmental quality of
eastern provinces.
3) Facilitates the formation of a national
grid.
9. The West-east Pipeline Project
Advantages of natural gas : Safe and
environmentally friendly
--- China wants to use more natural gas
10%
of energy supply by 2010
B. Takes gas from Tarim Basin in Xinjiang to
Shanghai
--- 4,167 km 111.8 cm (47 inches) in diameter
pipe
--- 12 billion cu.m. of gas to reach Yangtze delta
area per year
--- total investment 120 billion rmb
A.
.
9. The West-east Pipeline Project
upstream gas development 20 billion rmb
mid-stream pipe
40 billion rmb
downstream pipe
60 billion rmb
--- partially on stream in Dec 2004
9. The West-east Pipeline Project
Major uses, estimated for 2005
--- electricity generation
51%
--- city use
27%
--- industrial fuel
17%
--- petrochemicals
5%
C.
9. The West-east Pipeline Project
D.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Advantages
Alleviate pressure on coal transport (in 1998,
88% of energy consumption in Yangtze delta
area had to be imported, coal being the most
important fuel moved in)
Reduce reliance on oil
---- Now 40% of oil consumption is imported,
and the proportion is slated to rise in future
Suppress air pollution
Stimulate economic development of the West
9. The West-east Pipeline Project
E. Overall effect : can only play
supplementary role
表一：中國的能源生產總量和構成﹝1980-2003年﹞
年份
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
能源生產總量
(萬噸標準煤)
63735
63227
66778
71270
77855
85546
88124
91266
95801
101639
103922
104844
107256
111059
118729
129034
132616
132410
124250
109126
106988
120900
138369
160300
原煤
69.4
70.2
71.3
71.6
72.4
72.8
72.4
72.6
73.1
74.1
74.2
74.1
74.3
74
74.6
75.3
75.2
74.1
71.9
68.3
66.6
68.6
71.2
74.2
資料來源︰綜合歷年《中國經濟年鑑》
佔能源生產總量(%)
原油
天然氣
23.8
3
22.9
2.7
21.8
2.4
21.3
2.3
21
2.1
20.9
2
21.2
2.1
21
2
20.4
2
19.3
2
19
2
19.2
2
18.9
2
18.7
2
17.6
1.9
16.6
1.9
17
2
17.3
2.1
18.5
2.5
21
3.1
21.8
3.4
19.4
3.3
17.3
3.1
15.2
2.9
水電
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.3
5.9
6.2
5.8
6.5
7.1
7.6
8.2
8.7
8.4
7.7
表二：中國的能源消費總量和構成﹝1980-2003年﹞
年份
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
能源消費總量
(萬噸標準煤)
60275
59447
62067
66040
70904
76682
80850
86632
92997
96934
98703
103783
109170
115993
122737
131176
138948
137798
132214
130119
130297
134914
148222
167800
佔能源消費總量(%)
煤炭
石油
天然氣
72.2
20.7
3.1
72.7
20
2.8
73.7
18.9
2.5
74.2
18.1
2.4
75.3
17.4
2.4
75.8
17.1
2.2
75.8
17.2
2.3
76.2
17
2.1
76.2
17.1
2.1
76
17.1
2
76.2
16.6
2.1
76.1
17.1
2
75.7
17.5
1.9
74.7
18.2
1.9
75
17.4
1.9
74.6
17.5
1.8
74.7
18
1.8
71.5
20.4
1.7
69.6
21.5
2.2
68
23.2
2.2
66.1
24.6
2.5
65.3
24.3
2.7
65.6
24
2.6
67.1
22.7
2.8
資料來源︰ 綜合歷年《中國經濟年鑑》
水電
4
4.5
4.9
5.3
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.9
5.1
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.7
6.1
5.5
6.2
6.7
6.6
6.8
7.7
7.8
7.4
Table 3
Total population in China 2003
Region
Beijing
Tianjin
Hebei
Shanxi
Inner Mongolia
Liaoning
Jilin
Heilongjiang
Shanghai
Jiangsu
Zhejiang
Anhui
Fujian
Jiangxi
Shandong
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Guangdong
Guangxi
Hainan
Chongqing
Sichuan
Guizhou
Yunnan
Tibet
Shaanxi
Gansu
Qinghai
Ningxia
Xinjiang
National Total
Total Population (yearend) 10000 persons
% of national total
1456
1011
6769
3314
2380
4210
2704
3815
1711
7406
4680
6410
3488
4254
9125
9667
6002
6663
7954
4857
811
3130
8700
3870
4376
270
3690
2603
534
580
1934
129227
1.13%
0.78%
5.24%
2.56%
1.84%
3.26%
2.09%
2.95%
1.32%
5.73%
3.62%
4.96%
2.70%
3.29%
7.06%
7.48%
4.64%
5.16%
6.16%
3.76%
0.63%
2.42%
6.73%
2.99%
3.39%
0.21%
2.86%
2.01%
0.41%
0.45%
1.50%
Table 4
Gross Domestic Product of industry by Region
Region
Beijing
Tianjin
Hebei
Shanxi
Inner Mongolia
Liaoning
Jilin
Heilongjiang
Shanghai
Jiangsu
Zhejiang
Anhui
Fujian
Jiangxi
Shandong
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Guangdong
Guangxi
Hainan
Chongqing
Sichuan
Guizhou
Yunnan
Tibet
Shaanxi
Gansu
Qinghai
Ningxia
Xinjiang
National Total
Industry (100 million
yuan)
% of National total
1032.03
1136.24
3212.96
1192.74
721.59
2556.82
929.28
2248.59
2865.85
6004.65
4381
1445.6
2147
849.32
5860.63
3034.14
2254.5
1452.86
6532.98
813.81
102.52
768.37
1771.41
457.12
872.14
13.77
834.76
449.81
120.77
143.31
571
56777.57
1.82%
2.00%
5.66%
2.10%
1.27%
4.50%
1.64%
3.96%
5.05%
10.58%
7.72%
2.55%
3.78%
1.50%
10.32%
5.34%
3.97%
2.56%
11.51%
1.43%
0.18%
1.35%
3.12%
0.81%
1.54%
0.02%
1.47%
0.79%
0.21%
0.25%
1.01%
Table 5
Gross Domestic Product by Region
Region
Beijing
Tianjin
Hebei
Shanxi
Inner Mongolia
Liaoning
Jilin
Heilongjiang
Shanghai
Jiangsu
Zhejiang
Anhui
Fujian
Jiangxi
Shandong
Henan
Hubei
Hunan
Guangdong
Guangxi
Hainan
Chongqing
Sichuan
Guizhou
Yunnan
Tibet
Shaanxi
Gansu
Qinghai
Ningxia
Xinjiang
National Total
Gross Regional Product
(100 million yuan)
3663.1
2447.66
7089.56
2456.59
2150.41
6002.54
2522.62
4430
6250.81
12460.83
9395
3972.38
5232.17
2830.46
12435.93
7048.59
5401.71
4638.73
13625.87
2735.13
670.93
2250.56
5456.32
1356.11
2465.29
184.5
2398.58
1304.6
390.51
385.34
1877.61
135530.44
% of National total
2.70%
1.81%
5.23%
1.81%
1.59%
4.43%
1.86%
3.27%
4.61%
9.19%
6.93%
2.93%
3.86%
2.09%
9.18%
5.20%
3.99%
3.42%
10.05%
2.02%
0.50%
1.66%
4.03%
1.00%
1.82%
0.14%
1.77%
0.96%
0.29%
0.28%
1.39%