Intra Oral Radiographic Techniques
Dr Mohd Malik Afroz
Format
• Indications for radiogrpahic technique
• Different Techniques for the exposure of
radiographs
• Landmarks.
Specific Learning Objective
• What are the indications for taking a
radiograph
• Different techniques along with patient
placement
• Landmarks
Indication For Intraoral Periapical
Radiograph
•To Visualize periapical region
•To determine root morphology
•To study the integrity of the lamina dura
•To evaluate the root apex formation
Techniques for taking IOPA
1.Bisecting Angle technique
2.Paralelling Cone technique
Bisecting Angle technique
• Keeping the film as
close to the teeth
• X-ray beam
perpendicular to the
imaginary bisector
Angulation Guidelines
Projection
Maxilla
Mandible
Incisors
+40 degrees
-15 degrees
Canines
+45 degrees
-20 degrees
Premolars
+30 degrees
-10 degrees
Molars
+20 degrees
-5 degrees
Paralleing Technique
The film is placed in the
mouth parallel to the
long axis of the tooth.
 central X-ray beam is
directed perpendicular to
the film and the long axis
of the tooth
Maxilary Central Incisor Projection
• Vertical angulations 15 to 20 deg
• Horizontal angulations 0 deg
Maxillary lateral Projection
• Direct the central ray through the middle of
the lateral incisor
Maxillary canine projection
• Central ray directs the beam through the
mesial contact of the canine
Maxilary Premolar Projection
• Direct the central ray perpendicular to the
film
Maxillary molar projection
• Direct the central ray perpendicular to the film
Maxillary Distal oblique molar
projection
• Direct the central ray from the posterior aspect
through the third molar region and perpendicular
to the angled film
Mandibular Centrolateral Projection
• Orient the central ray through the interproximal
space between central and lateral incisor
Mandibular Canine Projection
• Direct the central ray through the mesial contact of
the canine with out regard to the distal contact
Mandibular Premolar Projection
• Vertical angulation should be small, nearly
parallel with the occlusal plane.
Mandibular molar projection
Mandibular Distal Oblique Molar
Projection
• Orient the point of entry about three centimeters
above the antegonial notch on the inferior border
of the mandible