Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6)
Special Topics in Computer Sciences
Second Term
1433/1434 H
Dr. Loai Bani Melhim
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IP Network Addressing
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INTERNET  world’s largest public data
network, doubling in size every nine months
IPv4, defines a 32-bit address - 232
(4,294,967,296) IPv4 addresses available
The first problem is concerned with the
eventual depletion of the IP address space.
Traditional model of classful addressing does
not allow the address space to be used to its
maximum potential.
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Classful Addressing
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When IP was first standardized in Sep 1981,
each system attached to the IP based Internet
had to be assigned a unique 32-bit address
The 32-bit IP addressing scheme involves a
two level addressing hierarchy
Network Number/Prefix Host Number
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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What is Internet Protocol?
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Internet Protocol is a set of technical rules
that defines how computers communicate
over a network.
Currently, There are two versions of IP
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IP version 4 (IPv4)
IP version 6 (IPv6).
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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What is IPv4?
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IPv4 was the first version of Internet
Protocol to be widely used, and accounts
for most of today’s Internet traffic.
There are just over 4 billion IPv4 addresses.
While that is a lot of IP addresses, it is not
enough to last forever.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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What is IPv6?
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IPv6 is a newer numbering system that
provides a much larger address pool than
IPv4. It was deployed in 1999 and should
meet the world’s IP addressing needs well
into the future.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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What is the major difference?
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The major difference between IPv4 and
IPv6 is the number of IP addresses.
There are 4,294,967,296 IPv4 addresses.
while, there are
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431
,768,211,456 IPv6 addresses.
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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What is the major difference?
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The technical functioning of the Internet
remains the same with both versions and it
is likely that both versions will continue to
operate simultaneously on networks well
into the future.
In the current time, networks that use IPv6
support both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses in
their networks.
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Features of IPv6
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Larger Address Space
Aggregation-based address
hierarchy
– Efficient backbone routing
Efficient and Extensible IP datagram
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
Security (IPsec mandatory)
Mobility
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128-bit IPv6 Address
3FFE:085B:1F1F:0000:0000:0000:00A9:1234
8 groups of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers separated by “:”
Leading zeros can be removed
3FFE:85B:1F1F::A9:1234
:: = all zeros in one or more group of 16-bit hexadecimal numbers
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IPv4 vs. IPv6
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IPv4 companion protocols (1)
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ARP: Address Resolution Protocol
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ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol
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Mapping from IP address to MAC address
Error reporting & Query
IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol
 Multicast member join/leave
Unicast Routing Protocols (Intra-AS)
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Maintaining Unicast Routing Table
E.g. RIP, OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
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IPv4 companion protocols (2)
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Multicast Routing Protocols
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Exterior Routing Protocols (Inter-AS)
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Maintaining Multicast Routing Table
E.g. DVMRP, MOSPF, CBT, PIM
E.g. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
Quality-of-Service Frameworks
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Integrated Service (ISA, IntServ)
Differentiated Service (DiffServ)
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Why IPv6?
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Deficiency of IPv4
Address space exhaustion
New types of service  Integration
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Multicast
Quality of Service
Security
Mobility (MIPv6)
Header and format limitations
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Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4
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Larger address space
Better header format
New options
Allowance for extension
Support for resource allocation
Support for more security
Support for mobility
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Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4 (1)
Feature
Source and
destination address
IPSec
Payload ID for QoS in
the header
Fragmentation
Header checksum
Resolve IP address to
a link layer address
IPv4
IPv6
32 bits
128 bits
Optional
required
No identification
Using Flow label field
Both router and the
sending hosts
Only supported at the
sending hosts
included
Not included
broadcast ARP
request
Multicast Neighbor
Solicitation message
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Advantages of IPv6 over IPv4 (2)
Feature
IPv4
IPv6
Determine the
address of the best
default gateway
ICMP Router
Discovery(optional)
ICMPv6 Router
Solicitation and
Router Advertisement
(required)
Send traffic to all
nodes on a subnet
Broadcast
Link-local scope allnodes multicast
address
Configure address
Manually or DHCP
Autoconfiguration
(IGMP)
Multicast Listener
Discovery (MLD)
Manage local subnet
group membership
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