Sixth lecture
Plural Formation
 1. Words ending in a, remain the a and add e
Singular
Plural
Meaning
vertebra
vertebrae
backbones
bursa
bursae
Sacs of fluid near a
joint
 2. Words ending in is , drop is and add es
Singular

Plural
Meaning
diagnosis
Diagnoses
Determination of the
nature and cause of
diseases
Psychosis
Psychoses
Abnormal condition of the
mind
 3. Words ending in ex or ix , drop the ex or ix , and
add ices .
Singular
Plural
Meaning
apex
Apices
Pointed ends of
organs
Cortex
Cortices
Outer parts of
organs
Varix
Varices
Enlarged , swollen
veins
 4. Words ending in on , drop the on and add a
Singular
Plural
Meaning
Ganglion
Ganglia
Group of nerve
cells , begin cysts
near a joint ( such
as the wrist )
 5. Words ending in um , drop um and add a
Singular
Plural
Meaning
Bacterium
Bacteria
Type of one celled
organisms
ovum
ova
Egg cell
 6. Words ending in us , drop us and add i
Singular
Plural
Meaning
Bronchus
Bronchi
Tubes leading from
the windpipe to the
lungs
Calculus
Calculi
Stones
exception : viruses and sinuses .
 Hematoma : oma means mass or tumor
 Is a mass of blood trapped in tissues of the skin or
in an organ . And commonly called a bruise ( black
and blue )
 Hepat/o
means liver
 hepatitis means inflammation of liver
Subungual hematoma : sub means under ungu/o means
nail , resulted from trauma to the toe
Lapar/o
Abdomen ( area
between the chest and
the hip )
Laparotomy
Tomy means
incision
( cutting into )
Leuk/o
White
Leukocyte
Whit blood cell
Nephr/o
kidney
nephrectomy
Ectomy means
cutting out ,
excision or
resection of an
organ or part of the
body
An exploratory
laparotomy is
a large incision
of the
abdominal
wall made to
inspect
abdominal
organs for
evidence of
disease .
Cutting out of
kidney
Neurology
The study of nerve
Oncologist
Ist mean specialist
Ophthalmoscope
Visual examining of the
eye
Osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the
bone joint
Tumor specialist