NORMAL GAIT CYCLE
Faizan zaffar kashoo
Gait Cycle
.
Period of time
from
one heel strike
to the next
heel strike of
the same limb
Gait Cycle
Gait Cycle
>Time Frame:
> > Stance vs. Swing:
Stance phase
Swing phase
> > Single vs. Double support:
Single support
Double support
=
=
60% of gait cycle
40%
=
=
40% of gait cycle
20%
STANCE( support ) PERIOD
Begins when the heel of the forward limb makes contact with the ground and ends
when the toe of the same limb leaves the ground.
Foot in contact with the ground
SWING ( unsupported ) PERIOD
Begins when the foot is no longer in contact with the ground. The limb is free to move.
Foot not in contact with the ground
The Tasks of the Gait Cycle
• Weight
acceptance
• Single limb
support
> The transfer of body
weight onto a limb that
has just finished swinging
forward and has an
unstable alignment.
>Shock absorption and the
maintenance of a forward
body progression
> One limb support the body
weight
> Same limb provide truncal
stability while bodily
progression is continued
• Limb
advancement
> Requires foot clearance
from the floor
>The limb swings through
three positions as it
travels to its destination
in front of the body.
STANCE Subphases
IC: Initial Contact (Heel Strike)
> Both limbs are in contact – Double stance
> The heel strikes the ground
> The stance knee begins to flex slightly.
> The ankle is at the neutral position
> The knee is close to full extension
Knee – 0o Flexion, Tibia externally rotated
> Hip 30° of flexion Femur externally rotated
> In the sagittal plane, the alignment of the ground-reaction force
vector at initial contact is posterior to the ankle joint, creating a
plantarflexion moment
> Maximum hip flexion occurs during initial contact.
STANCE Subphases
LR: Loading Response (Foot Flat)
>Flattening of the foot – reacting to impact of body weight
>Double stance ends
>Knee – 15o flexion, tibia internally rotates and then begins to externally rotate
>Hip – 30o flexion, femur internally rotating moving to neutral
>Maximum Impact Loading occurs
>Foot rapidly moves into pronation
>Weight has been shifted to the support leg
STANCE Subphases
MS: Mid Stance
Early Midstance - Late Mid Stance
> Single stance
> Knee – 15o flexion, tibia externally rotating
> Hip – 25o flexion, femur internally rotated
STANCE Subphases
TS: Terminal Stance (Heel-off)
>Single stance – “Falling forward”
forward fall of the body moves the vector further anterior to the ankle,
creating a large dorsiflexion moment
>Begins as COG passes over foot and
ends when opposite foot touches ground
>Knee – 5o flexion to 0o, tibia externally rotates
>Hip – 0 to 10o extension, femur externally rotates and
begins abduction
STANCE Subphases
PS: Pre-Swing (Toe-Off/ Knee Break)
>Double stance – “Transition”
>Limb is rapidly unloaded – “Toe-off”
>Knee – 0-30o flexion, tibia externally rotates
>Hip – 20o extension, femur externally rotates with abduction
>The ankle moves rapidly from its dorsiflexion position at
terminal stance to 20 degrees of plantarflexion
SWING Subphases
IS: Initial Swing ( acceleration )
>From “toe-off” until maximum knee flexion
>Knee – 30–60o flexion, tibia internally rotates
>Hip – 0–20o flexion, femur moves from
internal rotation to neutral (externally rotating)
SWING Subphases
MS: Mid Swing
>Goal is for tibia to reach vertical position perpendicular to
surface
>Knee – moves to 0o, tibia externally rotates
>Hip – 20-30o flexion, femur externally rotates
>Knee extension and hip flexion continue by inertia
SWING Subphases
TS: Terminal Swing
>Preparing for initial contact
>Knee – 0o, tibia externally rotated
>Hip – 30o flexion, femur externally rotates