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UNIT 2
Osteokinematics:Planes of Motion
Axis of Rotation
Degree of Freedom
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Define axis and plane
Understand Cartesian plane
Demonstrate Movement occurring within
plane and axis
Able to list various movements.
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Erect standing position with all body
parts, including the palms of the
hands, facing forward; considered the
starting position for body segment
movements
Superior
 Inferior
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Medial
 Lateral
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Proximal
 Distal
 Superficial
 Deep
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Faizan
Lecturer
Majma’ah University
Definition:
Axis is the imaginary line around which the
movement takes place
Plane is the imaginary surface in which
movement take place.
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◦ Mediolateral or frontal axis
◦ Anterioposterior or sagittal axis
◦ Longitudinal axis or vertical axis.
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Cardinal planes – 3 imaginary perpendicular
reference planes that divide the body in half
by mass
◦ Sagittal plane
◦ Frontal plane
◦ Transverse plane
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In anatomical position, all body segments are
considered to be positioned at zero degrees.
◦ Sagittal Plane Movements
◦ Frontal Plane Movements
◦ Transverse Plane Movements
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Other Movements
2-5
2-8
2-6
2-13
2-16
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Watch video.
Used to standardize the measurements taken
Cartesian Coordinate system
 Movements primarily in a single direction, or
planar, can be analyzed using a twodimensional Cartesian
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◦ X (horizontal) direction
◦ Y (vertical) direction
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3-dimensional by adding a z-axis
The End
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René Descartes
(1596-1650)
philosopher
mathematician
joined algebra
and geometry
credited with-Cartesian
plane
22
Formed by
intersecting
two
real number
lines at
right angles
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