HEALTH PROMOTION
Presented by
Dr/Amira Yahia
Learning outcomes
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To define health promotion
To identify the Principles of Health Promotion
To discus the Concerns of health promotion
To describe the Health Promotion Values
To enlist the Components of Health Promotion
To identify the basic charactristics of health
promotion
To enoumrate the Health Promotion Triad
To discuss the health promotion program
To apply the community health nurses roles
What is Health Promotion all
about?
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It is the process of enabling people to
increase control over and improve their
health. (Ottawa H.P. Charter).
It is a process which empowers families and
communities to improve their quality of life,
and achieve and maintain health and
wellness.
It emphasizes not only prevention of disease
but the promotion of positive good health.
What is Health Promotion all
about?
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It is a positive concept emphasizing personal,
social, political and institutional resources, as
well as physical capacities.
Health promotion is any combination of health,
education, economic, political, spiritual or
organizational initiative designed to bring about
positive attitudinal, behavioral, social or
environmental changes conducive to improving
the health of populations.
What is Health Promotion all
about?
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Health promotion is directed towards action on
the determinants or causes of health
Health promotion, therefore, requires a close cooperation of sectors beyond health services,
reflecting the diversity of conditions which
influence health.
Government at both local and national levels has
a unique responsibility to act appropriately and
in a timely way to ensure that the ‘total’
environment, which is beyond the control of
individuals and groups, is conducive to health.
Definitions of health
promotion
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“Any combination of health education and related
organizational, economic and political interventions designed
to facilitate behavioral and environmental changes conductive
to health”. (Green LW 1979)
"Health promotion is the science and art of helping people
change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health.
Definitions of health promotion
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(cont.)
“the process of enabling people to
increase control over, and to improve,
their health: (WHO, 1984, 1986; Epp,
1986)
“the process of enabling [individuals and
communities] to increase control over [the
determinants of health] and [thereby]
improve their health” (Nutbeam, 1985)
Definitions of health
promotion (cont.)
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“the maintenance and enhancement of
existing levels of health through the
implementation of effective programs,
services, and policies” (Goodstadt, et
al.,1987)
“the advancement of wellbeing and the
avoidance of health risks by achieving optimal
levels of the behavioral, societal,
environmental and biomedicial determinants
of health” (Kar, 1987)
Cont…
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Optimal health is defined as a balance of physical,
emotional,
social,
spiritual,
and
intellectual
health. Lifestyle change can be facilitated through a
combination of efforts to enhance awareness, change
behavior and create environments that support good health
practices. Of the three, supportive environments will
probably have the greatest impact in producing lasting
change".
(American Journal of Health Promotion,
1989,3,3,5)
Health Promotion
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Process enabling individually acollectivelly
increase control over determinants of their
health, and improve health status. (WHO,
1998)
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It does not mean only responsibility of the
health care system, but also individual
responsibility for health expressed via life
Principles of Health Promotion
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Involves population as a whole
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Acts on the determinants of health
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Combines diverse approaches
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Aims at public participation
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Health professionals have enabling role
Concerns of health promotion
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Health education programmes - to raise
awareness of health risk and to
encourage behaviour change
Primary health education - to prevent ill
health developing (e.g. diet, hygiene,
social skills, etc)
Concerns of health promotion
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Preventive health services - e.g. family
planning, immunisation and well person
clinics
Community-based work - local
communities identify health problems
and address them
Healthy public policies - housing,
employment, transport, etc
Concerns of health promotion
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Environmental health issues - making
the physical environment safer - e.g.
tackling pollution.
Economic and regulatory activities - e.g.
trying to get the government to raise
tax on tobacco, etc
Health Promotion Values
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Empowerment
Participation
Social Justice/Equity
Respect
Priority to common good
Choice
Positive health
Components of Health Promotion
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Health protection implemented by public
health policy
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Health education
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Intervention programmes
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF HEALTH PROMOTION
1. Enabling people to take control over, and
responsibility for, their health as an important
component of everyday life.
2. Requiring the close cooperation of sectors beyond
the health services.
3. Combining diverse, but complimentary, methods or
approaches.
4. Encouraging effective and concrete public
participation.
THE TRIAD OF
HEALTH PROMOTION
HEALTH
EDUCATION
HEALTH
PROTECTION
DISEASE
PREVENTION
The Health Promotion Triad
Health
Education
Prevention
Health
Protection
Health Promotion Programs –
Priorities
Life style
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Nutrition
Physical activity
Tobacco
Alcohol
Accidents
HIV/AIDS
Noncommunicable
diseases (NCD)
 Prevention of CVD
 Prevention of cancer
diseases
 Prevention of
metabolic diseases
(obesity, diabetes)
Health Promotion includes …
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Promoting healthy lifestyles.
Getting people involved in their own
health care.
Creating an environment that makes it
possible to live a healthy life.
Recognition of lifestyle diseases as
major causes of illness and death.
Strengthening community participation.
Primary
Prevention
Secondary
Prevention
Tertiary
Prevention
Cure
Healthy
individual
Biological
onset of
disease
Clinical
Course of
disease
Disability
Chronic
disease
Death
Risk
Factors
Immunization
Health Education
Prophylaxis
Asymptomatic
signs
Screening
Surveillance
Symptoms and
signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Compliance
Adherence
Functional
Status
Rehabilitation
Support
The Phases of Prevention in relation to
natural history of disease
Examples of preventable health
problems related to lifestyle
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Chronic non-communicable diseases such as
diabetes and hypertension. These are major
causes of illness and death. They are related
to…
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Overweight and obesity.
Unhealthy diet.
Insufficient physical activity.
HIV/AIDS is related to unsafe sexual lifestyle,
and causes many deaths.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
- Action taken to avert the
occurrence of disease
-Interventions:
o Medical
o Legislative
o Societal
o Educational
o Individual efforts
PRIMARY PREVENTION
- The more directly a behavior is
linked to a health problem as a
risk factor, the better
candidate it is for primary
prevention efforts
SECONDARY PREVENTION
- Action taken to identify
diseases at their earliest stages
and to apply appropriate
treatments to limit their
consequences and severity.
TERTIARY PREVENTION
- Specific interventions to assist
diseased or disabled persons in
limiting the effects of their
diseases or disabilities; also may
include activities to prevent
recurrences of a disease.
HEALTH EDUCATION
- Planned process,
- Combines a variety of educational
experiences, and
- Facilitates voluntary adaptations
or establishment of behaviour
conducive to health
HEALTH EDUCATION
- Aims primarily at the voluntary
actions people can take on their
own part, individually or
collectively, for their own health
or the health of others and the
common good of the community
Learning Domains
Cognitive Domain
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Aspect of health education that
comprises information and knowledge
Information gained from health
education can be
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A new information
A reinforcement
Psychomotor Domain
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Aspect of health education that deals
with skill acquisition and reinforcement
Affective Domain
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Aspect of health education that is
mainly concerned in
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Habit formation
Behavior change
New practice
THREE MAIN PURPOSES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION/EDUCATION IN TERMS APPLICABLE
TO THE THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION
- Promotion of health and illness
prevention
- Restoration of health when one
becomes ill
- Maintenance of health while
coping with chronic, long-term
conditions
Intersectoral approach
Health Promotion brings together many sectors
to work towards the achievement and
maintenance of health and wellness.
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The Health sector alone cannot achieve a healthy
society.
All sectors, both government and non-government,
need to work together.
Health Promotion can provide the link between the
various sectors.
Within Health the various disciplines also need to
work together towards wellness.
Some non-health sectors with an
input into Health Promotion…
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Education/ schools
Agriculture
Community Services
Sport
Media
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s)
Community groups
Youth
Private sector
Health sectors with an input into
Health Promotion
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Environmental Health
Nutrition
Community nursing
Mental Health
Dental
Epidemiology
Hospital (secondary) care
School of Nursing
Occupational therapy
Formulating healthy public
policy
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Promotes healthy policies in all sectors , eg
healthy workplaces, schools, homes,
buildings, villages and communities.
Health aspect should be thought of and
included in the policies of the various sectors.
Health Policies should also emphasize the
prevention and promotion.
Reorienting health services
Since lifestyle is linked to many of today’s health
problems, prevention and promotion should
decrease the burden on secondary (curative)
health care.
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Greater emphasis and resources placed on health
promotion and primary health care.
Less emphasis on purchase of high tech equipment
for secondary health care.
Equity in health care.
Empowering communities to
achieve well-being
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Involvement of the community in health
decisions, a multisectoral and participatory
approach.
Provide communities with the information and
tools to take actions to improve health and
well-being.
Creating supportive environments
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Healthy physical, social and economic
environment.
All development activities should aim for a
healthy environment – healthy buildings,
roads, workplaces, homes, surroundings and
schools.
Developing /increasing personal
health skills
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Information and education for personal and
family health.
Take account of values, beliefs and customs
of the community.
Continuous process at all stages of life.
Guided and supported in developing skills
(not imposed on them).
Build on existing knowledge and attitudes.
Building alliances with special
emphasis on the media
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Media key players, influence on health of
people.
Partnership with media ensures their
collaboration and that correct information is
passed on.
Free flow of information both ways, on
matters vital to health.
CHN roles
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The role of nurses has included clinical
nursing practices, consultation, followup treatment, patient education and
illness prevention. This has improved
the availability of health-care services,
reduced symptoms of chronic diseases,
increased cost-effectiveness and
enhanced customers' experiences of
health-care services.
Cont….
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Health promotion by nurses can lead to
many positive health outcomes
including adherence, quality of life,
patients' knowledge of their illness and
self-management
THANK YOU VERY MUCH