Chapter 1
The influence of family on
developing a lifestyle
OBJECTIVES
1.Define the various type of family structures.
2-List the developmental stages of a family.
3-Define family systems theory.
4-Discuss the effect of the family lifestyle on child development.
5-State three child rearing styles.
6-List three developmental theory.
7-Define what makes a family dysfunctional.
8-Discuss one positive and one negative influence of technology/
electronic media on the family and child development.
9-State the effect of the community on the family and child
development.
DEFINITION OF THE FAMILY
The family has been defined
as a basic human social system
that involves commitment and
interaction between its members
VARIOUS TYPES OF FAMILY STRUCTURES
Type of family
Nuclear
Extended
Single
parent
Foster
parent
Description
Traditional-husband ,wife and children (biological or
adopted )
Grandparents, parents, children , and relatives
Women or men establishing separate household
through individual preferences , divorces , death , or
desertion
Parents who care for children who are sent to them
via the court system because of dysfunctional
families, absent families, or individual family problem
Alternative Communal family
Dual career Both parents work because of desirs or need
Blended
Mother or father , stepparent and children
EFFECT OF FAMILY ON GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD
There are many factors within the family structure,
including interactions and lifestyles, that can affect the
growth and development of a child.
1-SIZE OF FAMILY
The presence of a brother or sister in a family group
helps provide support and gives early experience in
developing skills necessary for social interaction.
2-SPACING OF SIBLINGS
The age of the older child at the time of the birth of the
sibling contributes to the response of the older child.
When the new baby arrives a two years old child may
regress in toileting or feeding behaviors and a 4 year
old may develop temper tantrums.
Sibling rivalry
Sibling rivalry is a competition or struggle between two
or more children in a family.
3-DIVORCE
-The psychological health and development of the
child may be affected by the divorce of his or her
parents.
-Children of divorce often have a higher incidence of
behavioral or learning difficulties later in life.
4-STEPCHILDREN AND FOSTER CHILDREN
A blended family is one in which each parent brings
children from a pervious marriage into a new family unit .
-Children who enter foster care must face a strange
environment without the support of even one biological
parent.
5-CHRONIC ILLNESS
Having a child, parent, or dependent relative with a
chronic illness can strain sibling relationships and place a
toll on the emotional, psychological, and economic
resources the family.
UNDERSTANDING FAMILIES THROUGH THEORIES
A theory is a group of concepts that forms the basis for
understanding observations.
IMPORTANCE OF THE THEORIES
1. An accepted theory is logical, consistent, and integrates past and
current research.
2. Give us a way of studying family interaction or individual growth
and development
3. Help us understand why things happen.
4. Help us identify interventions needed for individuals or
families that experience problems.
FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORIES
Murray Bowen, of Georgetown University, was one of the
pioneers of the family systems theory. It is therefore
important for health care workers to understand the
organization and communication within the family unit.
THE FAMILY APGAR
-Family Apgar is a tool to assess family function .it was
initially used by physicians and psychologist.
-The family Apgar is a way of looking at family ability to
adapt, grow ,develop .and resolve issues.
Family Apgar
Adaptation
Sharing of recourse and helping of family member.
Partnership Lines of communication and participation of family
members.
Growth
How responsibilities are shared among family
members.
Affection
Visible and invisible emotional interactions among
family members.
Resolve
How time , money , and space are used to solving or
preventing problems among family members.
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
There are various theories of growth and development, and each
theory emphasizes specific areas of development, such as motor,
cognitive, social, and so on.
A developmental stage is defined as a period in life characterized by
the mastery of specific skills or behaviors. Each stage incorporates
achievements from the previous stage and contains skills, behaviors,
or tasks necessary to enter and successfully master the tasks of the
next stage.
Developmental tasks of the family life cycle
• Definition of Developmental tasks
is a competency or skill that helps a person cope with the
environment or advance personal development. There
are physical, cognitive, psychological, motor and
psychosocial developmental tasks.
Growth and development of the family
Stage of development
Development task
Marriage
Establish mutual goals and values.
Childbearing
Adjust to intrusion of child .
Childrearing
Meet own needs and continued achievement , as will as
the need of the children.
Child launching
Maintain and supportive home base while letting go of
the children to encourage their own fulfillment .
Contracting family
Experience empty nest syndrome as children leave
home .
Aging family
Develop new role and interests within limits of abilities.
ROLE OF THE NURSE AND HEALTH CARE WORKER
-Understanding the developmental stages and tasks of the family
and the individual
-Consider the developmental stage of the family and the individual,
as well as cultural influences, before designing or carrying out a
care plan.
CHILDREARING STYLES
Various family styles include the following:
1- Autocratic style: where decisions are made without
the input of children. Respect and obedience is expected
without discussion.
2-Democratic family style: children are encouraged to
participate in decision making, and all members of the
family exhibit mutual respect. This is the ideal childrearing
style because it nurtures positive self-esteem of all family
members.
CHILDREARING STYLES
3-The laissez-faire style: offers complete freedom of all
members with no rules, minimal if any discipline,
and no effort at impulse control.
Whichever style of childrearing and family development
is selected, consistency of that style by both parents is
essential for the development of stable family dynamics.
A functional family is a stable family unit.
ELECTRONIC MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY: INFLUENCE
ON FAMILY AND DEVELOPMENT
- Media exposure includes newspapers, magazines, music compact
discs (CDs), videotapes, movies, Internet sites, and television (TV).
- Electronic media has enabled families to be in immediate contact
with the thoughts and actions of others around the world.
-The increased exposure of children to TV: computers, Internet
sites, and video games may have some positive, as well as
negative, influences on the development and behavior of children
and adults, according to some recent studies.
Teaching Parents How to Manage the Media
• Monitor TV or video games that the child views.
• Do not use the TV or video games as a babysitter.
• Develop family guidelines for renting videos.
• Help the child interpret advertising.
• Provide opportunities for active play and socializing in
balance with media viewing.
• Contact sponsors and TV stations and demand quality
programming during hours when children are most likely to
be watching TV.
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY ON FAMILY AND DEVLOPMENT
-Initially the family is the center of relationships that
influence the development of the child.
-As the child grows, relationships expand and outside
influences affect the family, as well as the child's
growth and development.
FAMILY-CENTERED HEALTH CARE
The family is central to the plan of care for any individual
family member. Identifying and valuing the strengths of
the family network to cope, support, and assist in the
care of a family member are essential.
THANK YOU