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Differentiate between white Piedra and black Piedra?
List four types of cutaneous mycoses?
Mention the major sources of ringworm infection?
Demonstrate the difference between Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis and
Blastomyces dermatidis in microscopic examination?
Explain in brief the pathogenesis of systemic mycosis?
Mention some of clinical features of Sporotrichosis
List the different forms of clinical candidiasis and describe one of them
in details?
How can we treat Lobomycosis ?
Mention the laboratory Diagnosis of Coccidioide?
What is fungal dimporhism?
List four types of opportunistic mycoses.
List four different superficial mycoses
List four examples of subcutaneous mycoses
List four examples of systemic mycoses
Describe cryptococcis.
What are two treatments for pneumocystosis?
Describe the treatment of cutaneous mycoses
Give two treatments for sporotrichosis
Amphotericin B is the drug of choice in many mycoses. Yet many
diseases do not respond to this drug. Cite three different kinds of
mycoses where Amphotericin B is not used or is not as useful as some
other antimycotic. Give the name of each such disease and the preferred
drug treatment.
List several examples of opportunistic infections caused by fungi, the
parts of the human body that may be affected, and the name(s) of the
etiological agent(s).
Candidiasis can affect different mucocutaneous regions of the human
body. What is the term often used when referring to candidiasis of the
mouth and tongue? Vaginal area in a woman?
An AIDS patient is suffering from fungal meningitis. Spinal fluid is
removed and sedimented by centrifugation. For the most part the spinal
fluid is clear, but a few yeast cells are captured and a culture is isolated
and grown from these cells. You are given this culture and asked to
identify it. You suspend some yeast cells in India ink and examine this
on a slide. Microscopic examination indicates the presence of a capsule
around the yeast cell. Based on these test results, what is the specie that
this culture likely represents? What other feature(s) might you look for
to help confirm your identification to a single species?
23- Give a definition or explanation of the following words or terms, and
give one example of a fungus associated with each of these.
a. zygomycosis
b.Candididsis
c. Thermal dimorphism
d. Spherule
e. Pulmonary infection
f. Nasal polyps
g. Meningitis
h. Vaginitis
24- Enumerate dimorphic fungi and describe their pathogenesis.
25- Name two fungi causing occulomycosis.
26- Enumerate four dermatophytes.
27- List four organisms causing Mycetoma.
Choose the correct answer
1- The causative agent of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis belongs
to the group of organsims known as
A: bacteria
B: Archea
C:protozoans
D: yeasts
E: flatworms
2- The causative agent of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is
A) Enterobacter meningitis
B) Cryptococcus neoformans
C) Balantidium coli
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D) Entamaeba neoformans
E: Cyrobacillus neoformans
In the pathology of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, the infection
is established first in
A) the lung
B) the skin
C) the brain
D) the oral cavity
E) the gut
Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is frequently associated with
A) mushrooms
B) pigeon droppings
C) dairies
D) hospital neonatal wards
E) blunt trauma
Although fungal infections of wounds are unusal in North
America, which of the following infections occasionally causes
small epidemics
A) Sporotrichosis
B) Tineasis
C) Candiasis
D) Trichomoniasis
E) Tetanus
Frequently sprotrichosis is caused when the infectious agent is
introduced into wounds by
A) lotions
B) rusty nails
C) food preparation
D) artificial nails
E) thorns
In the United States, most cases of sporotrichosis occur in
A) Colorado
B) San Joaquin
C) Mississippi and Missouri river valleys
D) Oregon and Montana
E) indian reservations in Oklahoma
8- A substance known to be a potential source of Sporothrix schenkii
is
A) cow manure
B) evergreen seedlings
C) mushrooms
D) spaghnum moss
E) horse manure
9- Thrush and vaginitis are caused by
A) Herpesvirus.
B) Chlamydia trachomatis.
C) Candida albicans.
D) Staphylococcus aureus.
E) Streptococcus pyogenes.
10- A 45-year-old male has pus-filled vesicles distributed over his
back in the upper right quadrant, over his right shoulder, and
upper right quadrant of his chest. His symptoms are most likely
due to
A) Candida albicans.
B) Herpes simplex virus.
C) Staphylococcus aureus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Varicella-zoster virus.
11- Assume that your lab partner swabs the side of his face and used
the swab to inoculate a nutrient agar plate. The next day, he
performs a Gram stain on the colonies. They are Gram-positive
cocci. You advise him that he should next look for
A) An acid-fast reaction.
B) A coagulase reaction.
C) Conidiospores.
D) Pseudohyphae.
E) Pseudopods.
12- The organism that is said to be responsible for tinea versicolr is
A) Tinea spp
B) Melassezia spp
C) Mucor
D) Trichophyton
E) Epidermophyton
13- The skin invading molds belong mainly to the genera
Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton are collectively
called
A) Candida
B) dermatophytes
C) ringworm
D) dermatomycoses
E) althelete's foot
14- Generally the dematophytes are unable to grow in living tissue but
multiply in structures which contain
A) pectin
B) collagen
C) keratin
D) fibrin
E) calcium
15- Fungi of the lower respiratory tract are
A) Candida
B) Epidermophyton
C) normally absent
D) Tinea spp
E) Trichophyton
16- Two widespread North American lung mycoses are
A) candidiasis and coccidiomycosis
B) candidiasis and aspergillosis
C) Aspergillosis and blastomycosis
D) histoplasmosis and blastomycosis
E) coccidiomycosis and histoplasmosis
17- The causative agent of coccidiomycosis is Coccidioides immitis. it
can be described as a(n)
A) yeast like fungus found in root nodules
B) a dimorphic fungus living in the soil
C) endospore found in the sol
D) obligate parasite
E) speruloplasm
18- The "Tissue phase" of Coccidiodes immitis can be identified in
sputum or pus as a thick-walled, non budding _______
A) spherule
B) spore
C) hypha
D) mycelium
E) endospore
19- Transmission of coccidioidomycosis occurs by
A) swelling and coughing up of spherules
B) ingestion of contamination food
C) inhalation of spores
D) a puncture wound
E) aerosol droplets of the infective agent
20- The cause of histoplasmosis is found most frequently in soil
contaminated by
A) cow manure
B) sewage
C) horse manure
D) bat or bird droppings
E) moldy hay
21- The causative agent of histoplasmosis is the dimorphic fungus
A) Mycobacterium
B) Coccidioides immitis
C) Aspergillis
D) Candida
E) Histoplasma capsulatum
22A 35-year-old female has a red, raised rash on the inside of her
thighs. Gram-stained skin scrapings show large budding cells
with pseudohyphae. The infection is caused by
A) Candida albicans.
B) Herpes simplex virus.
C) Staphylococcus aureus.
D) Streptococcus pyogenes.
E) Varicella-zoster virus.
23The organism that is said to be responsible for Tinea
versicolor is
A)
Tinea spp
B) Melassezia furfur
B)
Mucor
D) Trichophyton
E)
Epidermophyton
24The skin invading molds belong mainly to the genera
Trichophyton,
25Microsporum and Epidermophyton are collectively called
A) Candida
B) Dermatophytes
B) Ringworm
D) Superficial mycoses E) Athletes foot
26Generally the dermatophytes are unable to grow in living
tissue but multiply in structure which contain
A) Pectin
B) Collagen
B) Keratin
D) fibrin
E) calcium
27The surface layer of the skin is the
.The deeper layer of
skin cells is the
A) Epidermis, dermis
B) Cutaneous, keratin
B) Keratin, dermis
D) dermis, cutaneous E) dermis, epidermis
28Which of the following is not a cause of ringworm?
A) Microsporum
B) Trichophyton
C) Candida albicans
D) Epidermophyton
E) None of the above
30- A 35-year-old female has brownish maculae on palms, fingers,
face. The infection is caused by
A) Candida albicans.
B) Piedraia hortae
B) Melassezia furfur
D) Trichophyton. E) Exophiala werneckii.
31- Fungi that produce sexual resting spores by the union of two gametes
a) Ascomycota b) Deutromycota c) Basidiomycota
d) Zycomycota
32- Frequently Sporotrichosis is caused when the infectious agent is
introduced into wounds by
A) Lotions
B) Rusty nails
C) Food preparation
D) Thorns
E) Artificial nails
33- A substance known to be a source of Rhinosporidium seeberii is
A) Cow manure
B) Plant
C) Soil
D) Ponds
E) None of the above
35- Which of the following can be treated with topical
chemotherapeutic agents?
A) Eumycetoma
B) Sporotrichosis
C) Lobomycosis
36- A fungus does not have
a) Chlorophyll b) Cell wall c) Multiple cells d) Nucleus
37- A multinucleate mass of protoplasm, without a cell wall is called
a) Hyphae
b) Plasmodium
c) Anthridium
d) Oogonium
38- The only pathogenic yeast in medical mycology is
a) Cryptococcus neoformans b) Candida albicans
c) Histoplasma capsulatum d) SchizoSaccharomyces octosporus
D) Chromoplastomycosis E) None of the above
39- The causative agent of Lobomycosis is the dimorphic fungus
A) Acremonium
B) Pseudallescheria boydii C) Phialophora
D) Lacazia loboi
E) Fonsecaea Species
Put (√) or (X) in the front of the following (answer five only):
1- A fungus does not have chlorophyll.
2- A multinucleate mass of protoplasm, without a cell wall is called
Hyphae.
3- Fungi that produce sexual resting spores by the union of two gametes
are classified as Ascomycota.
4- Cell wall of true fungi is composed of Ergosterol.
5- Topical salicylic acid can be used to treat keratomycosis
6- Trichosporon is said to be responsible for white Piedra.
7- Fungi are microorganisms that are prokaryotic.
8- Most fungi are parasitic living on dead organisms.
9- Some fungi can be used as a food.
10- Zygomycota produce zoospores inside sporangium.
11- Deuteromycota is believed to lack a method of asexual
reproduction.
12- The organism that is said to be responsible for Mycetoma is
Pseudoallescheria boydii.
13- In the pathology of Verrucous dermatitis, the infection is
established first in the skin by traumatic implantation.
14- The causative agent of Phaeohyphomycosis belongs to the group
of organsims known as dematiaceous fungi.
15- Rhinosporidium seeberi, the causal organism of Rhinosporidiosis
cannot be cultured.
16- Cryosurgery can be used to treat Lobomycosis.
17- Systemic mycoses is called Epidemic mycoses.
18- Candidiasis is considered a nosocomial disease.
19- The causative agent of systemic mycosis belongs to the group of
organsims known as dimorphic fungi.
20- Cutaneous candidiasis means the infection of mouth with Candida
albicans.
21- Blastomyces dermatidis is isolated from birds & bats excreta.
22- Coccidiodes immitis is endemic in Southwestern USA.
23- Chlamydospores production is characteristic for Candida species.
24- Exophiala jeanselmei is a causative agent of Mycetoma
25- Cryptococcosis is one of the fungal mycoses caused by Candida
species.
26- Cryptococcus neoformans is capsulated fungal cell.
Fill the spaces using the following words:
(Infection –opportunistic - Germ tube - Radical Surgery - Histoplasma –
Chromagar- Sporotrichosis- Rhinosporidiosis- ChromoblastomycosisCandidiasis- Aspergillosis- )
1- In laboratory diagnosis of candidiasis, ………………..medium may
be used to differentiate Candida species.
2- Fungi associated with fungal mycetoma are .......................
3- Candidiasis is a primary or secondary mycotic ……………..caused by
members of the genus Candida.
4- …………………………test is the most diagnostic laboratory test
used to identify Candida albicans using the serum.
5- ....................................... can be used for treatment of Rhinosporidiosis
.
6- The organism that is said to be responsible for histoplasmosis is
………........…….
7- ............................is caused by Sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic
fungus.
8- .............................is characterized by the development of friable
polyps in the nose, mouth or eye.
9- Warty cutaneous nodules which resembles flouts of cauliflower is
called……………………..
10- .............................is defined as primary or secondary mycotic
infection caused by members of the genus Candida.
11- ...........................is
defined
as
Systemic
infection
in
immunocompromised as well as immunocompetent individuals.
Complete the following table
Agent
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Infection
Dissemination
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioidoes
brasiliensis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Genus
Macroconidia
Microconidia
Microsporum
…………………
………………….
………………….
…………………..
Epidermophyton
…………………
………………….
…………………
………………….
Trichophyton
…………………
………………….
…………………
………………….
Choose from column A what suits it from column
A
Blastomyces dermatidis is isolated 1from
Histoplasma lesions may heal with 2-
B
as a spherule in tissue
….. 3-
Serological
diagnosis
blastomycosis is not reliable
of 3-
calcification of granuloma
….. 4-
Coccidioides immitis is a
dimorphic fungus that exists as
4-
because these antigens are
Poorly defined.
….. 5
Thrush
5-
as a yeast in tissue
….. 6
Balanitis
6-
birds & bats excreta
….. 7
….. 8
….. 9
Farmer’s lung disease
fungi are living on dead organisms
fungi are living on plants or
animals
Onychomycosis
Vaginitis
Endophthalmitis
Aspergilloma
Mucormycosis
7
8
9
Candidiasis of the penis
Saprophytic fungi
Parasitic fungi
10
11
12
13
14
….. 15
Mycetism
15
….. 16
Mycotoxicosis
16
….. 17
Another name for Mycetoma is
17
Oral candidiasis
Candidiasis of the nails
Vaginal candidiasis
Candidiasis of the eye
Compact mass of fungal
mycelia surrounded by dense
fibrous walls
Invasive disease caused by
lower
fungi –
Zygomycetes
Fungus, which is eaten, itself
causes toxic effects.
Food contaminated by fungal
toxins
….. 1….. 2-
…..
…..
…..
…..
…..
10
11
12
13
14
the soil and rotten wood
….. 18
….. 19
20
Cell wall of true fungi is
composed of
Another name for histoplasmosis
is
18
Maduromycosis
19
Chitin
20
Spelunkers disease