COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
DEPARTMENT OF MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY DIAGNOSTIC SCIENCES [MDS]
ORAL DIAGNOSIS – II [331 MDS]
STUDY GUIDE
1
Message from the Dean
Assalamualaikumwarahamatullahiwabarakatahu
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the College of Dentistry - Zulfi at Majmaah University,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. College of Dentistry aims to improve the dental health of the
people in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through providing the students with excellent clinical
training, supporting research and learning environment. Towards this goal the Department of
Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences has prepared a study guide in Oral Diagnosis – II
for the benefit of the students.
I have read this study guide and would like to assure you that the team has done an excellent
job in addressing all the questions a student will have at the start of the course. This guide also
contains all the schedule of lectures and practical classes. I would like to congratulate the
teamfor coming up with this guide.
I am happy to be the Dean of the College of Dentistry and I am sure that the assurance from
the dedication of our energetic and benevolent faculty and staff prompts you to be skilled
and knowledgeable in attaining high standard of education.
Best wishes
Dr. Abdur Rahman Al Atram
2
Message from the members of the committee
Dear Students,
We are delighted to welcome you to the course of Oral Diagnosis II. This is a course
which you will be studying in 3rd year 1st semester; this study guide will inform and update you
about the various topics to be covered in the course.
The topics covered in this course are highly relevant and have clinical implications which
will be of great help in your professional life. This subject is one of the very important
foundation courses in clinical dentistry as it stands at the door step of the dental hospital, it not
only welcomes the patient but also allays their fear from the dentist and his treatment and hence
builds a positive attitude of the patient towards the dental surgeon. Hence we the committee
suggest you to use this guide to prepare yourself during the course and gain maximum benefit.
Best wishes & Good luck
SDS
Dr. Mohd Malik Afroz
RDS
Course Director
Dr. Rupak Sethuraman
Oral
Teaching Assistant
Diagnosis
MDS
PDS
Best Wishes
Members of Committee
3
APPROVAL FOR THE COURSE
This course has been reviewed, revised and approved by:



The Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences
College Curriculum Committee
College Council
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No
1
Message from the Dean
1
2
Message from the members of committee
2
3
Approval of the course
3
4
General course information
6
5
Course description
7
6
General course objectives
8
7
Course contents
8
7
Detailed objectives of lectures
13
8
Detailed objectives of practicals
17
9
Student additional private study hours per week & student support
21
10
Teaching & learning resources
22
12
Facilities required
23
13
Students Assessment
24
14
Course evaluation & Improvement process
24
5
GENERAL COURSE INFORMATION
Course Title
Oral Diagnosis – II
Course Code
331 MDS
Course
components
&
Credit Hours
Theory
First semester
1
Clinical
Total
1
2
113 ANA; 113 PSL; 213PHL; 211 PDS;242 MDS
Prerequisites
Basic Knowledge of biology, oral pathology and general facial landmarks
Corequisites
Anatomy of head and neck, oral pathology, oral radiology and microbiology
Year / Level
In 3rd year 1stsemester of dentistry.
General Course Description
This course is a continuation of the previous oral diagnosis course 242MDS. It deals with the
advanced history taking and managing of different patients that approach the dental clinics.
Studentswill be trained to tackle the questions of the patients and their attendants and allay
their fears regarding the dental treatment. This course is completed in 3rd year 1st semester
with 1 hour theory and 2hours practicals, hence has 3 contact hours and 2 credit hours.
6
General Course objectives
At the end of the session students will be able to –
a. This course intends to take the students forward in terms of understanding of various
methods of diagnosing oral infections.
b. Students will be trained in understanding different lesions of oral cavity and its approach
towards adequate diagnosis.
c. Students will be trained in building the attitude of asking about the specific lesions and
improve the approach towards the questioning related to the lesions and hence rule out the
negative symptoms to come to final diagnosis.
PROCEDURE TO CHECK PULSE
7
COURSE CONTENTS:
A - Lectures: 15
S.No
List of topic
1
Introduction
Detailed content



2
Diagnosis of
salivary gland
lesions


3
Inflammatory
Hyperplasia– 1


No
of Contact
weeks
hours
1
It introduces the students 1
to the course
Teaches
them
the
importance of this course.
Helps them understand
the protocol to be
followed for this course
Various
disorders 1
affecting the salivary
glands.
How to arrive at a
diagnosis of a salivary
gland disorder based on
the symptoms and signs
1
1
1
Different
inflammatory
hyperplasias occurring in
the oral cavity.
Clinical presentation and
distinguishing
features
among some important
inflammatory
hyperplasias.
4
Inflammatory
Hyperplasia– 2

Clinical presentation and 1
distinguishing
features
among
some
more
important inflammatory
hyperplasias occurring in
the oral cavity.
1
5
Forensic
Odontology-1

Introduction to Forensic 1
Odontology
Bite Marks and its
importance in forensic
odontology
1

8
6
Forensic
Odontology-2

Lip prints and other 1
methods of detection
used
in
forensic
odontology.
1
7
Orofacial Pain
–1

Definition of pain and 1
pain pathway.
Various
conditions
causing orofacial pain.
1

8
Orofacial Pain
–2

How to diagnose various 1
orofacial pain conditions
with
particular
importance for trigeminal
neuralgia and burning
mouth syndrome.
1
9
Examination
of
Temporo
Mandibular
Joint

Anatomy of the Temporo 1
Mandibular joint along
with
the
different
movements possible at
the joint.
Detailed Procedure of
examination
of
the
Temporo
Mandibular
joint.
1
Midterm exam
1
Diagnosis of
 Important
disorders 1
Temporo
involving the Temporo
Mandibular
Mandibular joint.
Joint Disorders
 How to diagnose the
above disorders.
1
1

10
11
Oral
Manifestation
s
and
Investigations
of Medically
Compromised
Dental
Patient-1


Meaning of the term 1
Medically Compromised
Dental Patient.
Oral Manifestations and
Investigations in patients
with Hypertension and
Diabetes Mellitus.
1
9
12
13
14
Oral
Manifestation
s
and
Investigations
of Medically
Compromised
Dental
Patient-2
Oral Changes
in
Geriatric
Patient
Diagnosis
Space
Infections
of

1
1
Oral Manifestations and
Investigationsin patients
with Bronchial Asthma
and Chronic Renal Failure.

Meaning of the term 1
Geriatric Patient with
important changes in the
oral structures in these
patients.
1

Various space infections 1
and
their
clinical
manifestations.
Diagnosis of the various
space infections.
1
Meaning and importance 1
of patient follow up.
1

15
Patient follow
up

Final exam
1
1
Digital photographs of the palpebral conjunctiva of four patients with hemoglobin concentrations of
(a) 7.3, (b) 12.7, (c) 14.0, and (d) 14.5 g/dL
10
B - Practicals: 15
S.No
List of topic
1
Introduction
2,3
and 4
Diagnosis of
odontogenic
pain
5,6
and 7
Diagnosis of
Periodontitis
8
Diagnosis of
Pericoronitis
9 and Provisional
10
Diagnosis of
common
dental
Detailed content
No of Contact
week Hours
s
1
 Importance of the course 1
and understanding of its
components
1
 Demonstration in detail 1
regarding
the
examination of such a
patient and how to arrive
at a diagnosis.
 Exercise for examination
on a patient based on the
demonstration.
1
 Discussion
and 1
demonstration in detail
regarding the methods of
examination, recognizing
the signs and symptoms
of periodontitis and how
to arrive at a diagnosis.
 Exercise for examination
on a patient based on the
demonstration
1
 Discussion
and 1
demonstration in detail
regarding the methods of
examination, recognizing
the signs and symptoms
of pericoronitis and how
to arrive at a diagnosis.
 Exercise for examination
on a patient based on the
demonstration.


Discussion to Know what
is meant by provisional
1
diagnosis
Discussion to co – relate
1
11
diseases
11
and
12
13
and
14
the history and the
clinical appearance to the
most relevant disease
Differential
Diagnosis to
complex
dental lesions

Investigation




Discussion to Know what 1
is meant by differential
diagnosis.
Discussion to co – relate
other diseases relevant to
provisional
diagnosis
based on their clinical
appearance.
1
Discussion to Know the 1
different
investigations
available in the clinic
The students will be
trained to understand the
importance of advising
proper investigation.
Procedure to write the
investigation
1
Detailed Objectives of the Content –
LECTURES
Lecture 1 – Introduction
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know –



It introduces the students to the course
Teaches them the importance of this course.
Helps them understand the protocol to be followed for this course
12
Lecture 2 – Diagnosis of salivary gland lesions
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know –


Various disorders affecting the salivary glands.
How to arrive at a diagnosis of a salivary gland disorder based on the symptoms and
signs
Lecture 3 – Inflammatory hyperplasia – 1
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know –


Different inflammatory hyperplasias occurring in the oral cavity.
Clinical presentation and distinguishing features among some important inflammatory
hyperplasias.
Lecture 4 – Inflammatory hyperplasia – 2
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know –


Clinical presentation and
Distinguishing features among some more important inflammatory hyperplasias
occurring in the oral cavity
Lecture 5 –Forensic Odontology-1
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know –


Introduction to forensic odontology
Importance of bite marks in forensic odontology
Lecture 6 –Forensic Odontology-2
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know

Importance of lip prints
Other methods of diagnosis used in forensic odontology.
Lecture 7 – Orofacial Pain – 1
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know13


Definition of pain and pain pathway.
Various conditions causing orofacial pain.
Lecture 8 – Orofacial Pain – 2
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know

How to diagnose various orofacial pain conditions
Particular importance for trigeminal neuralgia and burning mouth syndrome.
Lecture 9 –Examination of Temporo Mandibular Joint
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know

Anatomy of the Temporo Mandibular joint along with the different movements possible
at the joint.
Detailed Procedure of examination of the Temporo Mandibular joint.
Lecture 10 – Diagnosis of Temporo Mandibular Joint Disorders
At the end of the lecture the students will be able to know –


Important disorders involving the Temporo Mandibular joint
How to diagnose the above disorders
Lecture 11 – Oral Manifestations and Investigations in Medically Compromised Dental
Patient-1
At the end of the lecture the students will be able to know

Meaning of the term Medically Compromised Dental Patient.
Oral Manifestations and appropriate investigations in patients with Hypertension and
Diabetes Mellitus.
Lecture 12 – Oral Manifestations and Investigations in Medically Compromised Dental
Patient-2
At the end of the lecture the students will be able to know –


Oral Manifestations and
Appropriate Investigations in patients with Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Renal Failure
14
Lecture 13 –Oral Changes in Geriatric Patient
At the end of the lecture the students will be able to know –

Meaning of the term Geriatric Patient with important changes in the oral structures in
these patients.
Lecture 14 – Diagnosis of Space Infections
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know–


Various space infections and their clinical manifestations.
Diagnosis of the various space infections.
Lecture 15 – Patient follow up
At the end of the lecture students will be able to know–


Meaning and importance of patient follow up
How to maintain the records of the patients to be used by other doctor
Clinical – I
Clinical1 – Introduction
At the end of the session students will be able to –



Know the protocol for entering into the clinical practice
Importance of better presentation of himself
How he has to be ready and attentive in the clinic to manage any eventuality
15
Procedure to be followed –



Students will be introduced to the protocol to be followed in the clinic
They will be told to use specific dress code for entering in the clinic
They will be further trained in maintaining the general clinical infection control
Clinical2,3and 4 – Diagnosis of odontogenic pain
At the end of the session students will be able to –



Recognize the signs and symptoms of odontogenic pain
Know various conditions causing odontogenic pain.
Know how to arrive at a diagnosis of various conditions causing odontogenic pain.
Procedure to be followed –




Students will be trained to ask the relevant questions to the patient for getting the
information about his complaint of pain
Students will be told to read the information given in the clinical manual and to ask the
questions
They will be guided with patient language translation where ever necessary
They will be trained in differential diagnosis based on the examination of the site of pain
Clinical5, 6 and 7 – Diagnosis of Periodontitis
At the end of the session students will be able to –


Recognize the signs and symptoms of periodontitis
Know how to arrive at a diagnosis of periodontitis
Procedure to be followed –



Students will be trained to use the periodontal instruments
They will be trained to understand the physiologic appearance of the periodontal
apparatus
Individual demonstration will be given to the students regarding periodontal
examination
Clinical8 –Diagnosis of Pericoronitis
At the end of the session students will be able to –

Recognize the signs and symptoms of pericoronitis
16

Know how to arrive at a diagnosis of pericoronitis
Procedure to be followed –


Students will be trained to understand the clinical signs and symptoms of pericoronitis.
Individual demonstration will be given to the students regarding examination of
pericoronitis.
Clinical 9and 10 – ProvisionalDiagnosis –
At the end of the session student will be able to –



Know what is meant by provisional diagnosis
Know how to co – relate the history and the clinical appearance to the most relevant
disease
Know how to enumerate the different clinical presentations in the patient in an order
for organization of the treatment
Procedure to be followed –


Depending on every case students will be trained to co – relate the history and clinical
appearance to the most probable name of the disease
Students will be given different situations based on the same case in order to train them
to think different other lesions with similar lesions
Clinical 11 and 12 – Differential Diagnosis –
At the end of the session students will be able to –


Know what is meant by differential diagnosis.
Know how to suggest differential diagnosis based on the provisional diagnosis.
Procedure to be followed –


Students will be asked to suggest different lesions having similar clinical appearance
There will be group discussions to suggest the different lesions which can have similar
clinical appearance
17
Clinical 13 and 14 – Investigations
At the end of the session students will be able to –



Know the different investigations available in the clinic
Procedure to suggest relevant investigation
Procedure to write the investigation
Procedure to be followed –



Students will be trained to write the requisition for taking radiograph
They will trained to enter the information in the exact software for the requisition
Each student will be trained to write similar requests for investigations
Student additional private study hours per week & student support:
In Additional to the credit hours in the college hours the student is expected to put in 5 hours of
private study/learning hours per week. (This is an average for the semester not a specific
requirement in each week).
The students are encouraged to interact with the tutors of the course for any additional help
required during the course. The staff members are instructed to inform the students regarding
the office hours when they can approach the faculty for their help
After each class the faculty member allocates a few minutes to clear the doubts of the students
if needed
18
The power point presentation of each class is uploaded on the faculty member’s website from
where the students can easily retrieve it and come prepared for the lecture.
Group of three students are allotted to one faculty member, who is their mentor, the students
can even approach their respective mentors if they have any additional problems with the
subject.
Teaching and learning resources:
19
Students will be shown power point presentations, quiz, and essay competition. During the
practicals students will be shown microscopic slides, models and casts to give them in depth
knowledge and understanding of the subject.
Use of more teaching aids during classes with special emphasis on the applied aspects of the
structures, impromptu questions asked during the class would also aid in developing cognitive
skills. In addition we would design quizzes and assignments in such a way that the students
would have to correlate the various topics and information given to them.
The students will be asked oral questions, debates, group discussions group tasks will be
designed so that the students learn to interact with their batch mates. In addition project work
will be assigned to small groups so that they learn to take up the responsibility and complete it.
Recommended text books:
Textbook
Principles of Oral Diagnosis; 8th edition – 2012
Author – Coleman
Textbook
Text book of General And Oral Medicine 5th edition – 2011
Author – Crispian and Scully
20
Reference book
Recommended
books
Shafer’s Text book of Oral Pathology – 6th edition 2006
Principles of Oral Diagnosis; 8th edition 2012
Author – Coleman
Website
www.oral diagnostic science.com
Lab guide
Oral And Maxillofacial Medicine – 5th edition – 2011
Author – Crispian and Scully
Facilities Required:
Theory: A class room with a seating capacity of atleast 30 students, equipped with a projector
and smart board.
Practical: A well equipped clinical department with a dental chair, doctor chair equipped with
diagnostic instruments and basic chair side investigation tests.
21
A record maintenance room
Physical examination room having basic equipment like height and weight checking machine;
apparatus for Blood Pressure, Pulse and respiratory rate examination. An emergency room with
an ambulance should be available to tackle with any untoward eventuality.
Student Assessment:
Evaluation & assessment of students:
By Oral and Written examination, periodic assessment through assignments, evaluation of the
projects and group tasks.
Assessment of student communication skills will be through the seminars and term papers.
The oral skills will be tested in the oral exams.
2nd Semester
Assessment
IN COURSE ASSESSMENT – 60%
FINAL- 40%
Behavior/Attitude
Presentation
Research
Quiz
Mid Term Theory
Mid Term Practical
Weekly Practical assessment
Oral Exam
Final Exam Theory
Final Practical Exam
THEORY-50% AND PRACTICAL50%
Percentage
5%
2%
2%
1%
20%
10%
10%
10%
30%
10%
100%
SEMINARS
A. Guidelines for seminar sessions:
1. One seminar per student is scheduled during the semester.
2. Duration of each seminar will be of 15 minutes.
22
3. The students will be given the topics for seminar atleast two weeks in
advance. The topics will be selected randomly by the students by a
picking a slip (lottery method).
4. The student is expected to prepare a powerpoint presentation for the
seminar. They can take the help of a staff member in preparing
themselves for the presentation.
5. After each sessiongroup discussion will be allowed.
6. The tutor (faculty member incharge) will give his comments and feed
back about the presentation.
7. All the students are expected to be present during the seminars and also
prepare themselves by reading about the topic of presentation so as to
have an active and productive group discussion.
8. Seminars grading will be grouped under the theory assignment
B. Topics of Seminar
S.No Name of topic
1.
Xerostomia
2.
Sialolithiasis
3.
Mucocele
4.
Pleomorphic adenoma
5.
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
6.
Mumps
7.
Oral fibroma
8.
Oral lipoma
9.
Hemangioma
10.
Epulis
11.
TNM Staging for oral cancer
12.
Toluidine blue staining
13.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
14.
Burning mouth Syndrome
15.
D/D of orofacial pain
23
16
Examination of TMJ
17.
Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome
18.
Examination of parotid and submandibular salivary glands
19
Anterior Disc Displacement with and without reduction
20.
Dental Management of hypertension
21.
Dental management of Diabetes Mellitus
22.
Dental management of bronchial asthma
23
Dental management of chronic renal failure
24.
Dental management of geriatric patient
Course Evaluation and Improvement Process:
The students will be given a feedback form, which can be submitted to the course director or to
the dean which will help in improvement of the subject teaching.
The head of the department or the Dean has informal meetings with groups of students to
discuss the contents of the course, method of teaching to evaluate the course and the
instructor.
Meetings will be conducted every week in the department to update the status of each student
and the difficulties felt by the colleague will be resolved accordingly. The dean randomly
attends lectures to assess the instructor. The power point presentation of each lecture is
distributed to all the staff members of the department for evaluation and suggestions for
improvement.
Teachers will be subjected to go for up gradation of knowledge by attending the relevant
conferences and will be encouraged to carry on a self improvement.
Other staff members are invited to attend the seminar presentation of students to verify the
standards of student learning and their work.
24