Olfactory Nerve
Optic Nerve
Occulomotor Nerve
1- Deep cerebral origin 2- Cerebral course 3- Cerebral exit
4- Cranial course 5- Cranial exit 6- Distribution and 7- Injury
Interpeduncular Fossa
Occulomotor Nerve
Occulomotor nerve
Interstitial Cell of Cajal
(Vertical Gaze)
Somatic
Motor Nucleus
Pretectal Nucleus
(Pupillary Light Reflex)
Parasympathetic Nucleus
(Edinger-Westphal)
Cavernous
Sinus
Occulomotor Nerve Lesion
1- Ptosis
4- Affected Medial Rectus
2- Un-opposed Action
of Lateral Rectus
5- Affected Superior Rectus
3- Intact Lateral Rectus
6- Affected Inferior Rectus
Trochlear Nerve
1- Deep cerebral origin 2- Cerebral course 3- Cerebral exit
4- Cranial course 5- Cranial exit 6- Distribution and 7- Injury
Trochlear Nerves
Trochlear Nerves
Trochlear nerve
Trochlear Nerve
Cavernous
Sinus
Superior oblique Muscle
Trochlear Nerve Injury
Predict the functional deficit resulting from damage to each nerve.
This patient has a damaged right trochlear nerve (IV). The right superior oblique
muscle is paralyzed. Note that movements to the right are not affected, but
movements down and, especially, down and to the left result in asymmetrical eye
movements. The right eye is not able to move down and in.
There is a very cool web site that allows you to simulate the eye motions
expected from lesions to different cranial nerves and different eye muscles.
Check it out at http://cim.ucdavis.edu/Eyes/Version1/eyesim.htm
2- Abducent Nerve
1- Deep cerebral origin 2- Cerebral course 3- Cerebral exit
4- Cranial course 5- Cranial exit 6- Distribution and 7- Injury
Abducent Nerves
Abducent nerve
Abducent Nerve
Cavernous
Sinus
Lateral Rectus Muscle
Abducent and Para-Abducent Nuc
Abducent Nerve Injury
Adducted by intact
medial rectus
Failure of abduction
due to affected lateral
rectus
Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve
ophthalmic
maxillary
Mandibular Division
(Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal Nerve)
Ophthalmic nerve
3- Nasociliary Branch
of
Ophthalmic Nerve
2- Frontal Branch
of
Ophthalmic Nerve
1- Lacrimal Branch
of
Ophthalmic Nerve
Ophthalmic Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Mandibular Nerve
Trigeminal Ganglion
Branches of
Ophthalmic Division Trigeminal Nerve
1- The Lacrimal Nerve
Course, Relations and Distribution
Palpebral Terminal Branc
Glandular Branches
Communicating Branch
from
Zygomatic Branch of Maxillary Nerve
Lateral Rectus Muscle
Lacrimal Nerve
Trigeminal Ganglion
2- The Frontal Nerve
Course, Relations and Distribution
smaller supratrochlear branch
a large supraorbital branches
2- Frontal Branch
of
Ophthalmic Nerve
3- The Nasociliary Nerve
Course, Relations and Distribution
3- Nasociliary Branch
of
Ophthalmic Nerve
Infratrochlear Nerve
Anterior Ethmoidal
Nerve
Nasociliary Nerve
The Maxillary Nerve
Origin, Course and Termination
Pterygo-palatine Fossa
Foramen Rotundum
Maxillary Nerve
Pterygo-maxillary Fissure
Inferior Orbital Fissure
Infra-orbital Groove
Infra-orbital Canal
Infra-orbital Foramen
The Mandibular Nerve
Origin and Exit from the Skull
Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular Division
Roots, Course, Relations and
Termination
Posterior Division
Anterior Division
Facial Nerve
Definition and General Description
Facial Nerve
Deep Origin (Nuclei)
and
Course in The Brain
Motor Nucleus of Facial
Facial
Colliculus
Spinal Nucleus of The Trigeminal Nerve
Superior
Salivatory
Nucleus
Nucleus
Solitarius
Nucleus
Solitarius
Spinal Nucleus
of
The Trigeminal Nerve
Motor Nucleus of
Facial Nerve
Superior
Salivatory
Nucleus
Facial Nerve
Cerebral Course
Motor Nucleus of Facial
Facial
Colliculus
Spinal Nucleus of The Trigeminal Nerve
Superior
Salivatory
Nucleus
Nucleus
Solitarius
Proprioception
Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Motor Nucleus o
Facial Nerve
Superior
Salivatory Nucleu
Nucleus Solitarius
Submandibular Ganglion
Cerebral Exit (Exit off The Brain)
Motor Root
Facial Nerve
Sensory Root
(Nervous Intermedius)
Cranial Exit (Exit off The Skull)
Facial Nerve
Stylomastoid Foramen
Course and Relations
1- Inside The Skull
Genu
Internal Auditory Meatus
Middle Ear Cavity
Stylomastoid Foramen
Cochlea
Genu of Facial Nerve
Middle Ear Cavity
Semicircular Canals
Facial Nerve
Facial
Nerve
Facial
Nerve
Chorda
Tympani
2- Ouside The Skull
Branches of Facial Nerve
Greater Superficial Petrosal
Tympanic Nerve
Nerve to Stapedius
Corda Tympani
Posterior Auricular
Descending Motor Branch
Terminal Branches
Facial Palsy
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Definition and General Description
Facial Nerve
Glossopharyngeal
Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Deep Origin (Nuclei)
and
Course in The Brain
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
2- Inferior
otic ganglion
Salivatory Nucleus
lesser
petrosal Nerve
Tympanic
Plexus
3- Nucleus Solitarius
1- Nucleus Ambiguou
V3
Parotid Gland
4- Spinal Nucleus of
Trigeminal Nerve
Stylopharyngeus
Auricle
tonsil
Tongue
2- Inferior Salivatory Nucl
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
12th
10th
11th
1- Nucleus Ambiguous
3- Nucleus Solitarius
4- Spinal Nucleus of
Trigeminal Nerve
Cerebral Exit (Exit off The Brain)
Glossopharyngeal
Nerve
Olive
Pyramid
12th10th
11th
Preolivary Fissure
Branches of
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
1- Tympanic Nerve
lesser
(nerve
tympanicof Jacopson)
petrosal nerve
plexus
Glossopharyngeal
Nerve
Facial Nerve
otic ganglion
Parotid
3- Nerve to Stylopharyngeus
Gland
4- Pharyngeal Branches
5- Tonsillar
Branches
6- Lingual
Branches
2- Carotid Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Vagus Nerve
1- Parasympathetic Fibres
(Heart, Bronchial Tree and Abdomen)
2- Visceral Motor Fibres
3- Visceral Sensory Fibres
(Mucous Membrane of Viscera
4- Special Sense Fibers (Taste)
5- Somatic Sensory Fibres
(Dura, Auricle and Tympanic Membrane
Deep Origin (Nuclei)
and
Course in The Brain
Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus
(Parasympathetic)
Nuleus and Tractus Solitarius
(Taste and Visceral Sensations)
Spinal Nucleus and Tract
of Trigeminal Nerve
(General Sensation from Face)
Nucleus Ambiguous
(Motor)
Vagus Nerve
Nucleus Solitarius
Dorsal Nucleus of Vagus
Olive
Vagus Nerve
Emerging
Between Olive
and
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles
Spinal Nucleus and Tract of
Trigeminal Nerve
Nucleus Ambiguous
Cerebral Exit (Exit off The Brain)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Olive
Pyramid
Vagus Nerve
Accessory Nerve
Branches
2- Auricular Branch
1- Meningeal
Branch
3- Pharyngeal Branch
Pharyngeal
Plexus
4- Superior Laryngeal Branch
5- Carotid Branch
Internal Laryngeal
6- Cardiac Branches
Thyrohyoid Membrane
Vagus Nerve
External Laryngeal
Cricothyroid Muscle
7- Recurrent
Laryngeal Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
First Part of Subclavian Artery
Injury of Vagus Nerves
Unilateral Paralysis
Accumulation
of
Saliva and Food
Removal of Arytenoid Cartilage
Paralyzed Side
During Phonation
Accessory nerve
Nucleus Ambiguous
Cranial Part
C1
Accessory Nerve
C2
Spinal Part
C3
C4
C5
Deep Origin (Nuclei)
and
Course in The Brain
Nucleus Ambiguous
Cranial Part
C1
Accessory Nerve
C2
C3
C4
C5
Nucleus Ambiguous
9th
12th
10th
Accessory Nerve
Cerebral Exit (Exit off The Brain)
Accessory Nerve
Olive
Pyramid
9th
12th10th
11th
Preolivary Fissure
Branches of
The Accessory Nerve
A- From The Cranial Part
Nucleus Ambiguou
Cranial Accessory Nerve
Joins The Vagus Nerve
At The Level of its Inferior Ganglion
And
Distributed Through
Vagus (Recurrent Laryngeal Branch
B- From The Spinal Part
To Sternomastoid
Spinal accesory nerve
To Trapezius Muscle
Hypoglossal Nerve
Definition and General Description
It is the motor nerve of all muscles of the tongue
EXCEPT
The Palatoglossus Muscle
Which is supplied by
Vagus Nerve
Hypoglossal Nucleus
Thyrohyoid
Hypoglossal Nerve
Deep Origin (Nuclei)
and
Course in The Brain
Hypoglossal Nucleus
Hypoglossal Nerve
Hypoglossal Trigone
Hypoglossal Nerve Nucleus
Olive
Hypoglossal Nerve
Emerging
Between Olive and Pyramid
Hypoglossal Nerve Fibers
Passing Anteriorly Through
Medulla Oblongata
Pyramid
Cerebral Exit (Exit off The Brain)
Rootlets of the
Hypoglossal Nerve
Olive
Pyramid
Preolivary Fissure
Cranial Course and Exit
(Exit off The Skull)
The Hypoglossal Nerve Leaves The Skull
Through The Anterior Condylar Canal (Hypoglossal Canal)
Hypoglossal Nerve Injury
Normal Healthy Tongue
Atrophy
and
Wrinkling
of The Affected Side
The Tongue Points to The Affected Side
Tongue
Mandible
Paralysed
Genioglissus
Healthy
Genioglissus
The Cervical Sympathetic Trunk
General Discription
and
Formation
Cervical Part of
Sympathetic Chain
Superior Cervical Ganglion
(At The Level of C2 and C3 Ve
Middle Cervical Ganglion
(At The Level of C6 Vertebr
Inferior Cervical Ganglion
(Lies Between Transverse Proc
and First Rib)
Fused with The First Thoracic G
(Stellate Ganglion)
Middle cervical ganglion
Inferior cervical ganglion
Upper 5 thoracic nerves
Cervical part of sympathetic chain
Thoracic part of sympathetic ch
Superior cervical ganglion
White and Gray communicants
Injury of
Cervical Sympathetic Chain
Horner’s Syndrome
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhydrosis
Flushing
(Redness)
Scar on The Left Side of The Neck