First EUTERP Platform Workshop
Spanish approach
RADIATION PROTECTION EDUCATION&TRAINING
SYSTEM IN SPAIN
M. Marco1, M. Rodríguez2, M. Rodríguez-Suárez1, J.
Hernández-Armas3, R. Villarroel2
1.-SEPR-CIEMAT ,
2.-CSN
3.-Universidad de La Laguna
Spanish radiation protection education and
training programmes provide a consistent
an integrated educational model
different levels of responsibilities
Initial training programmes are well
established since 1972
Occupational exposed workers are
required to have individual
certifications, based on personal
licences
Training is an important tool for upgrading
competence for radiation exposed workers and
one of the bases for the optimisation
programmes
NATIONAL CONTEXT
Regulatory framework
• Nuclear Safety Council
Acts
• General Regulations on: Nuclear and Radioactive
Facilities, Health Protection against Ionizing Radiation,
Medical X-Ray and Emergency Preparedness.
• Technical Instructions
• Summary of main requirements
 Licensees shall develop and maintain knowledge and
training of workers in Radiation Protection
 Radiation Protection Services (SPR) and Technical Units
(UTPR)
 Individual certification for: operators and supervisors of
facilities, experts and responsible for SPRs and UTPRs
 RP of external workers
 Certification of entities that provide RP
knowledge/training
 Training in emergency response
Regulatory approach
•Operators and Supervisors of radioactive
facilities. Individual certificate (license) CSN
 Knowledge/experience requirements.
Training program: CSN Safety Guide 5.12. Different
(5) application fields
 Courses certified by CSN
 Available at more than 20 entities
 CSN certification of RP curses in official education
programs to obtain academic degrees
Regulatory approach
•Personnel of X-Ray medical diagnosis
facilities.
 Decrees on: Set up and use of X-Ray facilities (1991)
and Quality Criteria for radio-diagnosis (1999)
 Individual certification for management personnel and
operators
 Certification released by entities certified to provide
training
 CSN Resolution (1992) establishes requirements for
courses
 Available more than 30 certified entities
Regulatory approach
• Outside workers at Nuclear Facilities
 Decree on operational RP of outside workers
(1997)
 CSN Instruction (IS-06). Drafted by working
group CSN-UNESA. Defines basic RP
knowledge, specific knowledge of the plant
and training programs
 outside companies responsible for basic
training . Nuclear licensees responsible for
specific training of each facility.
Regulatory approach
• Radiation Protection Services and
Technical Units
 CSN Instruction (IS-03): requirements & training
program
 Specialized services in RP to advise licensees
Heads of SPR and UTPR
Certification from CSN as RP Expert: Highest
qualification level required.
 Technical staff of SPR/UTPR: Qualification required
(IS-03). certification released by RP Expert
 Ciemat: High level RP Curse ( QE)
Regulatory approach
• Other exposed personnel (non-licensed) of
facilities
 Licensees required to develop and maintain knowledge and
training in Radiation Protection
 Radiation Protection Manual (license document approved by CSN)
includes provisions for RP training. Facility's RP Experts or
Supervisors are responsible for it
• Emergency
 Order of the Council of Ministers (EU Directive 89/618/Euratom)
 National Emergency Basic Plan and On-site / Off-site Emergency
Plans
 Annual programs: curses, training, exercises, drills
 Authorities, licensees and intervention services
Requirements
Supervisor/ license
Nuclear
Sector
Operators/license
Training and Experience
Professional
Background
experience
requested
Sciences degree,
3 years
engineer or
equivalent
Univ. Degree
2 years
D. Technician RP
Professional
education
Radiation protection High Univ. Degree
officer
on Sciences
Industrial,
medical
and
research
Sector
Medical
Sector
Operators (license)
Professional
education,
Technical School
Supervisor (license) Univ. Degree on
Sciences
Radiation protection High Univ. Degree
officer
on sciences
Technical expert on
RP
Professional
education,
Technical School
Operators (license/
accreditation-RX)
Health
professionals and
technicians
Doctors / Degree
on sciences
High Univ. Degree
on sciences
Supervisor (license
accreditation-RX))
RX –radiation
protection officer
medical physics
High Univ. Degree
expert /radiophysics on sciences
3 years
Specific training
18m, specific course +
evaluation
1 year of specific
training + evaluation
40h specific course +
evaluation
Advanced RP course 300h -+ evaluation
-
30-46 h specific course
+ evaluation
-
35-54 h specific course
+ evaluation
Advanced RP course 300h -+ evaluation
3 years
-
75 h specific course +
evaluation
1 week specific course
1 week specific course
6 month
3 years
Advanced RP course 300h -+ evaluation
National
evaluation/specific
regulation
License/RX accreditation:
Supervisors professionals who supervises the
operation of a radioactive installation and
guarantees the application of technical
specifications, regulations, emergency plans etc.
Operators professionals who operates in a
radioactive facility under the supervision of the
facility supervisor.
Radiation Protection Education
and Training in Health
Environments in Spain
• X-Ray Facilities
– General RadioDiagnostic
– Interventionism
Dental X-ray facilities
Doctors: X-ray directors,
minimum 25 hours
Technical personnel and
nurses: X-ray operators,
minimum 24 hours
Dentists: Dental X-ray
directors, minimum 18
hours
All courses include both theory and practice (hands-on training)
Radiation Protection Education
and Training in Health
Environments in Spain
• Radiotherapy facilities
including:
– LINAC
– 60Co
– X-ray Surface Therapy
– Braquitherapy
• Nuclear Medicine Facilities
including:
Doctors: X-ray
supervisors,
minimum 54 hours
Technical
personnel and
nurses: X-ray
operators,
minimum 46 hours
– Metabolic therapy (131I)
All courses include both theory and practice (hands-on training)
Radiation Protection Education
and Training in Health
Environments in Spain
• X-Ray and Radioactive
Facilities:
– Local Radiation Protection
Head (if required by the regulating
In large Hospitals,
the RP Head must be
a Medical Physics
Expert.
organisation)
– External Radiation Protection
Head
In small instalations,
the RP Head can be
someone that has
succesfully passed a
capacitation course.
The capacitation course involves a minimum of 350 hours plus an
examination
RADIO-THERAPY NON SEALLED SOURCE RADIOLOGY
SUPERVISORS
LABORATORY
•
BASIC AREA:
•
1. Atomic and nuclear structure and radioactivity 2 h.
2 h.
2 h.
•
2. Production and interaction of radiation
2 h.
2 h.
2 h.
•
3. Radiological quantities and units. Shields
3 h.
3 h.
3 h.
•
4. Fundamentals of radiation detection
4 h.
4 h.
4 h.
•
5. Radiobiology: biological effects
2 h.
2 h.
2 h.
•
6. Radiation Protection. General criteria
1 h.
1 h.
1 h.
•
7. Operational Radiological proteccion
1 h.
1 h.
1 h.
•
8. National and European regulations
2 h.
2 h.
2 h.
•
9. Evaluation and exercises
1 h.
1 h.
•
10. Practical sessions and seminars
14 h.
14 h.
14 h.
•
TOTAL (Basic area):
32 h
32 h
32 h
•
SPECIFIC AREA:
•
11. SPECIFIC AREA: uses, bilogical effects and associated risks, radiation protection
operation, design and specific normative
10 h.
•
12. Specific practical sessions 10-14 .
» TOTAL aprox:
1 h.
57 h.
Basic syllabus for the Technical Qualified
Expert on RP (2002)
»
hours
•
MODULE 1: BAS IC ATO MIC AN D NUCLEAR PHYSICS
6
•
MODULE 2: QUANTITIES AND UNITS
2
•
MODULE 3: RADIO LOGICAL EQUIPM ENT
6
•
MODULE 4: DETECTION, MEASUREMENT M ETHODS
8
•
MODULE 5: IONISING RAD. RISKS . BIO LOGICAL EFFECTS
4
•
MODULE 6 : RADIOLOGICAL PROTEC TIO N
11
•
MODULE 7: Legal framework
6
•
DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT METHODS
12
•
OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
6
•
RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION IN MEDICAL FACILITIES(NUCLEAR MEDICINE,
RADIOTHERAPY, X-RAY)
13
•
seminars
1
•
TOTAL HOURS: 75
LAB j obs:
Radiation
Radiation Protection
Protection advanced
advanced course
course
QUALIFIED
QUALIFIED EXPERT
EXPERT on
on RP
RP
 basic
basic module
module 130hours
130hours

occupational
occupational exposure
exposure
industry
industry and
and nuclear
nuclear area,
area,
exposure
Public
Public and
and environmental
environmental
exposure 50
50 hours.
hours.
60
60 hours
hours
 medical
medical exposure 60
hours
Future
• Use of new IT technologies
• Recent developments
• WEB site containing all training materials for
Certified radiation protection curses.
5 especialities (source uses) x 2 level (operator, supervisor)
3 especialities (Med. X-Ray ) x 2 level (operator, manager)
• Computer assisted RP course for large facilities outside
workers.
• Mixed e-learning/face-to face courses ( b-learning)
• Harmonization of UE requirements on RP qualifications.
RADIATION PROTECTION E-TRAINING FOR EXPOSED WORKERS
CONTENT:
FLASH multimedia (tutorial): auto-learning
4 MODULES WITH AUTOEVALUATION:
1.PHYSICAL CONCEPS
2.LEGAL ASPECTS.
3.RISKS. PROTECTION.
4.PRACTICAL SESSION.
EXAM
HOURS
12 (To be done in 1 or 2 weeks)
TARGET GROUP
Exposed workers
TUTOR
Yes
EVALUATION
METHOD
COMPLETE MODULES (moodle platform)
FEEDBACK (e.mail, chat, telephono, etc)
EXAM (platform): 20 test questions in 1 hour (70%)
COURSE
CUESTIONARE
Survey (moodle platform)
FINAL INFORM
Yes
COURSES
2007
1ª
2ª
3ª
4ª
5º
6º
7ª
8ª
9ª
10ª
TOTAL: 10
STUDENTS
Fechas
11
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
TOTAL: 182
18/04-04/05
28/05-08/06
18/06-29/06
17/09-28/09
24/09-05/10
15/10-26/10
15/10-26/10
12/11-23/11
12/11-23/11
10/12-21/12
ASSITANCE MATERIAL: BASIC RP E-TRAINING
HELP:
MULTIMEDIA
ASSITANCE
FAQs
DIDACTIC
GUIDELINES
TUTOR
WELCOME
CONTENT: BASIC RP E-TRAINING
COMUNICATION TOOL:
MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION:
MODULE 1
TUTOR EMAIL
MODULE 3
EXERCISES: selfEVALUATION.
PRACTICAL SESSION:
multimedia interactive material
Ej: VIDEO
MULTIMEDIA
PRESENTATION:
MODULE 2
STUDENT TRACKING:
CIEMAT BASIC RP ETRAINING
MODULE STUDY TIME
COURSE EVALUATION:
CIEMAT BASIC RP ETRAINING
RESULTS OF COURSE
SURVEY
EXAM RESULTS
CONNECTION TIME
METHODOLOGY: 90 % GOOD
STUDENT SUCCESS: 100%
PLATFORM: 70% GOOD/VERY GOOD
CONTENT: 90% SUITABLE
MARK: 8,32 (7,10)
COMMENTS: NEVER FEEL ALONE
CONCLUSIONS
 Spain has a solid and integrated RP educational model, which takes into account
the variety of applied fields and the different levels of responsibilities. RP training
courses are designed, organised, implemented and up-dated by CIEMAT and other
institutions since 1964.
 In the medical sector, special educational programme, practical training and
specific accreditation are established for experts on medical physics. Initial and
continuous training for Experts on Medical Physics must be improved.
It is necessary:
 To improve: continuous, refresher and on the job training
specially in the medical sector
in the industrial and
 To standardise training material
To develop and implement new multimedia tools for each level of training
To set up and promote distance learning as a training tool for those people
unable to attend conventional learning institutions.
who are
European harmonisation of RP educational programmes have to be carried out,
specially in the accreditation and recognition requirements of training.
THANK YOU