Chapter 2 Solutions: Section 2.1: 1.) Eyeglassomatic mostly receives finished eyeglasses, though they make the frames almost as often. They don’t appear to assemble too many eyeglasses. Number of lenses made Eyeglass Processes Performed by Eyeglassomatic 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 grind multicoat assemble make frames Process Type receive finished unknown Eyeglass Processes Performed by Eyeglassomatic unknown 2% receive finished 30% grind 21% multicoat 13% make frames 29% 2.) - assemble 5% 3.) The region with the most deaths from CO while using a generator is the urban region. The other three regions seem to have the similar number of deaths. Number of Deaths from CO While Using a Generator Number of deaths 500 400 300 200 100 0 Urban Core Sub-Urban Large Rural Small Rural/Isolated Region Percentage of Deaths from CO While Using a Generator Small Rural/Isolated 16% Large Rural 12% Urban Core 58% Sub-Urban 14% 4.) - 5.) The most common defect on a lens made by Eyeglassomatic is scratch with right shaped - small as the next common defect. Then the defects drop off from there. So Eyeglassomatic may want to figure out what is wrong in their production that causes so many scratches. Number of Defective Lenses Defective Lenses Made by Eyeglassesomatic 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Defect Type 6.) - 7.) In most countries in Central America, female sterilization is the most common contraceptive method expect for in Costa Rica, where the pill is most common. The pill is the second most popular method except in Costa Rica and in Guatemala. Male sterilization appears to be the least popular method of contraceptive. Section 2.2: 1.) The number of classes is 7. So the class width is 66760 - 22529 » 6318.7 » 6319 7 Class Class limit Class Frequency boundary 1 2252922528.51 28847 28847.5 2 2884828847.50 35166 35166.5 3 3516735166.58 41485 41485.5 4 4148641485.524 47804 47804.5 Relative frequency 0.019 Cumulative frequency 1 0 1 0.154 9 0.462 33 5 4780554123 5412460442 6044366761 6 7 4.) 5.) lass width is 630 - 2 = 78.5 » 79 8 Class Class limit 14 0.269 47 2 0.038 49 3 0.058 52 Class boundary 1.5-80.5 80.5-159.5 159.5-238.5 238.5-317.5 317.5-396.5 396.5-475.5 475.5-554.5 554.5-633.5 Frequency Relative frequency 0.696 0.143 0.054 0 0.054 0.018 0 0.036 Cumulative frequency 39 47 50 50 53 54 54 56 1 2-80 39 2 81-159 8 3 160-238 3 4 239-317 0 5 318-396 3 6 397-475 1 7 476-554 0 8 555-633 2 appears to be somewhat symmetric. There appears to be a gap for the midpoint of $32007. This could mean that the lowest state has a really low income or it is a mistake. Median Income for Males 30 25 Frequency 2.) 3.) 47804.554123.5 54123.560442.5 60442.566761.5 20 15 10 5 0 25688 32007 38326 44645 50964 Median Income in $ 57283 63602 Relative Frequency Median Income for Males 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 25688 32007 38326 44645 50964 Median Income in $ 57283 63602 6.) - 7.) The distribution appears skewed right. There are gaps at two places. This may be because certain densities do not exist. Frequency Density of People 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 41 120 199 278 357 436 Density per square kilometer 515 594 515 594 Density of People Relative Frequency 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 41 120 199 278 357 436 Density in square kilometers 8.) - 9.) In 40 out of 52 states, the median income of males is less than $50,000. Median Income for Males Cumulative Frequency 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20000 30000 40000 50000 Median Incom in $ 60000 70000 10.) - 11.) The majority of people live in areas with density less than 200 people per square kilometer. Density of People Cumulative Frequency 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 Density per square kilometer 600 700 12.) - 13.) For grades, it makes sense to divide the data into groupings of every 10. Class 1 2 3 4 5 Class Limits 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 Class Boundaries 49.5-59.5 59.5-69.5 69.5-79.5 79.5-89.5 89.5-99.5 Midpoints 55 65 75 85 95 Frequency 1 1 12 8 3 Grades on Test 1 14 Frequency 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 55 65 75 Grades 85 95 Most of the students earned C’s on the test. The shape is mostly skewed left. 14.) 1.) est 1 data is: Test Scores 5 8 = 58% 5 8 6 7 7 003344599999 8 00013589 9 334 2.) 3.) a postive linear relationship between the height of a person and the length of the metacarpal. Height of a Person Height versus Metacarpal 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 35 40 45 Length of Metacarpal 50 55 4.) - 5.) There appears to be a negative linear relationship between fertility rate and life expectancy of woman. Fertility Rate Fertility Rate versus Life Expectancy 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 50 55 60 65 70 Life Expectancy 75 80 85 6.) - 7.) Over the time period the rate of deaths from firearms was decreasing. Number of deaths (per 100,000 people) Rate of Deaths from Firearms 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1980 1985 1990 Year 1995 2000 8.) - 9.) The CPI-U-RSI index has been increasing at an exponential rate from 1947 to 2011. CPI-U-RS1 Index (December 1977=100) CPI-U-RSI Index 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (year 0 = 1945) 60 70 10.) - 11.) This graph has no scaling on the vertical axis. So even though it is possible to see which drink is liked best, you do not have an idea of how much more one drink is liked over the other. This graph has no axes labels, so you do not have a context. In addition, the vertical axis does not start at 0, which makes the differences between values more dramatic than they really are. - 12.) 13.) 14.)