Information Technology
for
Management
Hardware & Software
Concepts
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Block Diagram of Computer
Processor
Input
Devices
Secondary
Storage
Buses
Output
Devices
Communications
Devices
Primary
Storage
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Secondary Storage

Magnetic Tapes

Magnetic Disks



Floppy Disks
Hard Disks
Optical Laser Disks

CD-ROMs
3
I/O Devices
4
Input Devices

On-line Entry
Keyboard
 Mouse
 Trackball

Touch screen
Light pen
Joystick
5
DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE)

Approaches For DDE

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



Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(MICR)
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
Bar Code Reader (BCR)
Smart card
Image Processing

Image Scanner
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MICR
OMR Sheets& OMR
OCR
Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader
Image Scanner
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Output Devices

Display Devices



Monitor
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Printers

Impact printers



Serial printers
 Dot Matrix Printer
Line printers
Non-impact printers
Laser Printers
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What is Software?



It consists of programs which enables a computer to
perform specific tasks.
OR
The programs, procedures, algorithms (set of rules), and
their associated documentation, for a computer system.
The term broadly includes:

Application software such as word processors which perform
productive tasks for users.

System software such as operating systems, which interface
with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces
and applications
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Office Automation

Office Automation helps in optimize or automate
existing office functions.

All office functions, including







dictation,
typing,
filing,
copying,
fax, Telex,
microfilm and records management,
telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall
into this category.
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Examples of OA include

Generate Microsoft Word documents or
business forms from data stored in other
applications such as Microsoft Access or
Microsoft Excel

Generate presentations from external data

Automatically send emails to customers or
groups in Microsoft Outlook

Maintain and organize data stored in Microsoft
Excel or Microsoft Access
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MS-Office Package

MS-Word

MS-PowerPoint

MS-Excel

MS-Access
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System S/W vs. Application S/W
System S/W
Application S/W
System Software comprises those
programs that direct the computer
in performing tasks that are basic
to proper functioning of the
computer system.
Application software directs the
computer in performing specific
user-related data processing
tasks. Application programs fall
in two categories viz., cross
industry and industry specific.
It Includes:
(Industry Specific)
(i)
Payroll,
(ii)
General accounting,
(iii)
Sales statistics, and
(iv)
Inventory control etc. 13
It includes:
(i)
Assemblers and compliers,
(ii)
Diagnostic routines,
(iii)
Utility programs,
(iv)
Supervisory programs, and
(v)
Library of subroutines.
Relationships between User,
Software and Hardware
Hardware
Print on screen,
Read keyboard entries,
Write files on disk,...
System
Software
Application
Software
Surf Web,
Format document,
Play games,...
User
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Hardware vs. Software
Hardware is the physical
component of a computer
system that you can
see/touch/feel.
Software is the computer
program that operates on the
hardware.
For instance, disks, disk drives,
monitor, keyboards, printers,
boards, and chips is the
hardware.
On the other hand Internet
Explorer is a software that you
see displayed on the monitor
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