A&P Lecture Exam # 5(Chapter 12-14)
• 12-1 Identify the two anatomical divisions of the nervous system.
CNS and PNS Receptors—afferent division—CNS—efferent division-effectors
• 12-2 Identify the two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system
and cite their primary function
Somatic nervous system(SNS)----control skeletal muscle contractions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)—visceral motor system—provides
autonimatic regulation of smooth muscle,cardiac muscle, glandular
secretions..etc
• 12-3 Sketch and label the structure of a typical neuron, describe the
functions of each component, and classify neurons on the basis of their
structure and function.
Page 376 Figure 12-1 Page 378 Figure 12-3
• 12-4 Describe the locations and functions of the various types of neuroglia.
Four types of neuroglia in CNS (1) Ependymal cells ---cerebrospinal fliud
(CSF) (2) astrocytes (3) oligodendrocytes and (4) microglia
Neuroglia in PNS: satellite cells and Schwann cells
• 12-4 Define the resting potential.
• 12-5 Describe the events involved in the generation and propagation of an
action potential.
Page 396 Figure 12-14
Resting potential---Depolarization (What’s happened?)----repolarization
(what’s happened?)---The refractory period (Absolute refractory period,
relative refractory period)
All-or-None principle
• 12-6 Discuss the factors that affect the speed with which action potentials
are propagated.
• 13-1 Define the component of the central nervous system and of the
peripheral nervous system
CNS (Brain and spinal cord) ; PNS (cranial nerves and spinal nerves)
• 13-2 Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord, and describe
the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system.
Gray matter , white matter, Dorsal root, ventral root, dorsal root ganglion,
Menings (Pia matter, Arachnoid matter, Dura matter)
Subarachnoid space fill with cerebral fliud (CSF)
• 13-3 Explain the roles of white matter and gray matter in processing and
relaying sensory information and motor commands.
Page 423 figure 13-5 a
• 13-4 Describe the steps in a neural reflex, and classify the types of
reflexes.
The reflex arc, Classification of reflexes (Page 437 figure 13-16)
• 13-7 Distinguish among the types of motor responses produced by various
reflexes, and explain how reflexes interact to produce complex behaviors.
• 14-1 Name the SIX major brain regions, FOUR ventricles
PAGE 449 Figure 14-1
PAGE 451 FIGURE 14-2
• 14-2 What brain regions make up the brain stem?
Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamuse); midbrain; pons; medulla
oblongata
• 14-3 Explain how the brain is protected and supported, and discuss the
formation, circulation, and function of cerebrospinal fluid.
Cranial menings, Cerebrospinal fliud, the blood-brain barrier.
• 14-4 Identify the components of the medulla oblongata that are
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responsible for the relaying somatic sensory information to the thalamus.
14-5 The medulla oblongata is one of the smallest sections of the brain,
yet damages there can cause death, whereas similar damage in the
cerebrum might go unnoticed. Why?
14-5 what’d the function of thalamus and hypothalamus?
14-6 List the main components of the cerebellum, and specify the functions
of each.
14-7 Identify the major anatomical subdivisions and functions of the
cerebrum, and discuss the origin and significance of the major types brain
waves seen in an electroencephalogram.
Cerebral cortex ; central sulcus; precentral gyrus; postcentral gyrus etc.
Page 473 Figure 14-15
• 14-10 Describe representative examples of 12 pairs of cranial reflexes