CS105- Module2
Hardware vs. Software
Local Applications
• Local applications are programs or
software that can be run on a single
computer.
• The computer on which the local
application is running does not have to be
connected to a computer network such as
internet.
• Examples
Examples of Local Applications
• Media Players (Windows Media Player,
RealPlayer, Winamp, …)
• Word Processors(MS Word, Latex, WordPad,…)
• Graphic, photo and animation applications
(PhotoShop, Word Photo Manager, 3D Studio
MAX).
• Calculator
Local Applications in
Business
• Accounting (Excel, …)
• Science and Engineering (Mathematica,
Math Lab, System R, Weka, … )
• Medicine ( Computerized Axial
Tomography scan )
File Type
• Broadly classified as either text file or
binary file.
• Text file, the data are organized as
characters.
• Binary file requires specific interpretation
of the bits and the application which
supports this file knows how to interpret it.
File Type
• Usually the file name has two parts: the main name and the file
extension. The extension indicates the type of the file.
.txt
.mp3
.tex
.wav
.gif
.zip
.jpg
.doc
.html
.java
.c
.ppt
File Operations
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Create a file
Delete a file
Open a file
Close a file
Read data from a file
Write data to a file
Delete contents of a file
Rename a file
Copy a file
Append data to the end of a file
Directory
• Directory is a named collection of files. It is
a way to group files so that you can
organize them in a logical manner.
• In Windows methodology a directory is
called a folder.
• Other than files a folder can contain other
folders.
Algorithm
• A sequence of well-defined steps or
instructions for doing a task.
• An algorithm should end (Stop) at some
point.
Word Processors - MS Word
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What you see is what you get!
Word is a very popular text editing software.
Enter and edit the text.
Insert and edit images.
Arrange page: orientation, border, shade, etc.
Use bullets in Word.
Check the grammar and spelling of the contents.
A basic tutorial for MS word 2007 is available at:
http://www.fgcu.edu/support/office2007/Word/index.asp
Word Processors - LaTeX
• It is not very easy to write mathematical equations in
MS Word. A much better alternative is LaTeX.
• LaTeX is not a WYSIWYG.
• First we write a .tex file, then we compile it.
• Example.
• A basic tutorial for Latex is available at:
http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/
Spreadsheet
• A spreadsheet is the computer equivalent of a paper ledger
sheet used by accountants couple of decades ago.
• Using ledger sheet a small mistake could have resulted in
redoing the whole page again. But we can undo any action.
• Also the calculation could have been overwhelming. But using
spreadsheets, computer will take care of calculations.
What is PowerPoint?
• A complete presentation graphics
package.
• Gives you everything you need to produce
a professional-looking presentation.
• Offers word processing, outlining, drawing,
graphing, and presentation management
tools.
Graphics Processing
• A very simple graphics processing
application is the Paint.
• In a painting program, we decompose an
image into a collection of small dots,
known as pixels.
• If you zoom on a picture you will see these
dots.