Design Issues
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Patents and copyrights
Standards and liability
Design for Accessibility
Product lifecycle management
Stages of a Product
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Design
Production
Distribution
Consumption/Maintenance
Retirement: reuse, recycle, dispose
Life Cycle Issues
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Design:
 standards
 design
delivery time
 customer need, cost and profit
 future upgrading
 product testability
 energy efficiency
Life Cycle Issues
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Production
 manufacturing
cost and safety
 energy consumption
 materials logistics
 production time
 quality control
 environmental considerations
 scrap
by-products
 toxic by-products
Life Cycle Issues

Distribution
 transportation
cost
 transportation time
 Inventory
 sales network
Life Cycle Issues

Consumption
 customer
training
 repair and maintenance
 spare parts
 upgrades
 energy use
Life Cycle Issues

Retirement
 useful
lifetime
 trade-in/upgrade plan
 end of customer support
 reuse
 recycle
 disposal
Environmental and Energy Use Considerations
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Design to minimize power consumption during
manufacturing and use
Design for disassembly, reuse and recycling
Minimizing or eliminating the use of toxic chemicals in
the manufacturing process
Minimizing or eliminating the use of heavy metals in
products (like lead solder)
Selection of battery type, plastics used, etc.
Minimizing or recycling solvents, acids, etc. used in
manufacturing
Legal Mandates on Environmental
Issues
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
Electronic computer equipment is a complicated assembly of
more than 1,000 materials
Many are highly toxic
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chlorinated and brominated substances
toxic gases, toxic metals
photo-active and biologically active materials
acids
plastics and plastic additives
lead and cadmium in computer circuit boards
lead oxide and barium in CRTs
mercury in switches and flat screens
flame retardants
Legal Mandates on Environmental
Issues

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
 producer
bears responsibility for the lifecycle
environmental and health impacts of their products
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Take-Back programs (Europe)
EPA – Energy Star Program
ISO 14001 Standard: International Standard on
Environmental Management
Design Issues Paper Assignment

Design Issues paper
 one
per team
 due: 5:00PM on Monday Nov. 21.
 electronic submission to mas@msu.edu
 WORD .docx or .doc file
 for details see link on syllabus (Week 13)