OTEC Requirements Number C.1 Name Description Type Basis of Refined By Specifies Electricity Cost The OTEC system shall provide electricity at a competitive price point. The OTEC system shall provide electricity at a competitive price point. Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.3 Quality Efficiency Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.4 Commercial Components Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.5 Recycled Power Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.1 Modularity Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.1 Modularity Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.5 Recycled Power Requirement Q.10 Used Water Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System C.2 Time to Market C.3 Renewable C.4 Adaptable C.5 C.6 Scalable Environment C.7 Energy Capacity C.8 Availability The OTEC system shall minimize the time to market. The OTEC system shall minimize the time to market. The OTEC system shall have the ability to replace currently existing non-renewable energy sources for the region. The OTEC system shall have the ability to replace currently existing non-renewable energy sources for the region. The OTEC system shall be adaptable, enabling the possibility of supporting future markets, such as clean water or clean fuels. The OTEC system shall be adaptable, enabling the possibility of supporting future markets, such as clean water or clean fuels. The OTEC system shall be scalable to increase capacity if demands increase. The OTEC system shall be scalable to increase capacity if demands increase. The OTEC system shall have little to no environmental impact. The OTEC system shall have little to no environmental impact. The OTEC system shall have the capacity to meet the demands of the local region. The OTEC system shall have the capacity to meet the demands of the local region. The OTEC system shall have high availability. The OTEC system shall have high availability. E-1 Requirement Q.1 Modularity Requirement Q.8 Redundancies Requirement Q.9 Power Cable Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC C.9 Efficiency C.10 Lifetime C.11 Job Creation C.12 O&M Costs C.13 Capital Cost F.1 F.2 OTEC Process Working Fluid The OTEC system shall be designed to provide the highest efficiency available for the chosen cycle. The OTEC system shall be designed to provide the highest efficiency available for the chosen cycle. The OTEC system shall be designed with a lifetime of at least 40 years. The OTEC system shall be designed with a lifetime of at least 40 years. The OTEC system shall create jobs in the local region. The OTEC system shall create jobs in the local region. The OTEC system shall be designed to minimize operations and maintenance costs. The OTEC system shall be designed to minimize operations and maintenance costs. The OTEC system shall be designed to minimize the capital cost. The OTEC system shall be designed to minimize the capital cost. A closed –cycle system shall be used for the OTEC process. A closed –cycle system shall be used for the OTEC process. The OTEC system shall use an ammonia based working fluid. The OTEC system shall use an ammonia based working fluid. E-2 Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.3 Quality Efficiency Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.2 Component Lifetime Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.7 Human Factors Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Requirement Q.2 Component Lifetime Requirement Q.6 Supportability Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement Requirement Requirement Requirement regulations C.4 Adaptable F.2 Working Fluid F.3 Power F.9 Distribution Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump F.3 F.4 Power The OTEC system shall be capable of supplying 100 Megawatts (MW) of net power Context ? Since the power output from an OTEC plant is a function of the temperature difference in the seasonal warm surface water and the deep cold ocean water, the gross power output will vary from high during the warm summer months and a lower output during the cooler winter months. Therefore, the output power of the plant will be the worst case during a one-year period or during cooler months. The OTEC system shall be capable of supplying 100 Megawatts (MW) of net power Context ? Since the power output from an OTEC plant is a function of the temperature difference in the seasonal warm surface water and the deep cold ocean water, the gross power output will vary from high during the warm summer months and a lower output during the cooler winter months. Therefore, the output power of the plant will be the worst case during a one-year period or during cooler months. Transmission Voltage The OTEC System shall have a transmission voltage of 240kV +/- 5% line regulation. (115kV in Guam)The OTEC System shall have a transmission voltage of 240kV +/- 5% line regulation. (115kV in Guam) F.5 Power Factor F.6 Distribution Voltage F.7 Frequency The load power factor shall be between 0.8 – 0.89 lagging. The load power factor shall be between 0.8 – 0.89 lagging. The Distribution voltage to the Nigeria Power company shall be 13.5kV +/- 5% line regulation. The Distribution voltage to the Nigeria Power company shall be 13.5kV +/- 5% line regulation. The frequency range for power generated shall be between 49.5 – 50.5Hz. The frequency range for power generated shall be between 49.5 – 50.5Hz. E-3 Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement Requirement Requirement Voltage Requirement Requirement Connection Requirement regulations S.4 Generator F.5 Power Factor F.6 Distribution Architecture 1 OTEC Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.6 Voltage Regulators Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.6 Voltage Regulators Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power F.7 Frequency F.8 Generator F.9 Distribution Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine F.8 Generator Connection F.9 Distribution regulations F.10 Distribution Cable F.11 Transmission Protection The generator connection voltage at transmission side shall be 240kV and 13.5kV at the distribution side. The generator connection voltage at transmission side shall be 240kV and 13.5kV at the distribution side. The form of the electrical power shall be suitable for connecting to the electrical energy grid system currently used by Power Holding Company of Nigeria relative to voltage, current, frequency stability, harmonic distortion, and other parameters required to conform to the quality the electrical grid in Lagos. The National Electrical Code will be the standard for interconnection requirements. The form of the electrical power shall be suitable for connecting to the electrical energy grid system currently used by Power Holding Company of Nigeria relative to voltage, current, frequency stability, harmonic distortion, and other parameters required to conform to the quality the electrical grid in Lagos. The National Electrical Code will be the standard for interconnection requirements. Suitable marine power cable shall be used to distribute power from the OTEC plant to the shore. Suitable marine power cable shall be used to distribute power from the OTEC plant to the shore. Transmission Protection scheme shall support phase distance, ground distance, and time over-current. Transmission Protection scheme shall support phase distance, ground distance, and time overcurrent. E-4 Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.4 Generator Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.6 Voltage Regulators Architecture 1 OTEC Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.5 Component Selection Requirement S.6 Voltage Regulators Architecture 1 OTEC Functional Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Requirement S.6 Voltage Regulators Architecture 1 OTEC F.12 N.1 Distance from shore Command Distance from shore shall be as little as possible where the bathymetry requirements for good OTEC operation are achieved while still enabling the power from the OTEC plant to be cabled to the power grid via marine power cable. Distance from shore shall be as little as possible where the bathymetry requirements for good OTEC operation are achieved while still enabling the power from the OTEC plant to be cabled to the power grid via marine power cable. Command: A command station on the OTEC platform shall be integrated to allow for an on-site crew to monitor the health and safety of the various subsystems the compromise the OTEC plant to enable immediate corrective action to be taken in the event of an emergency. Context? A six-person crew plus a crew chief is anticipated for around-the-clock monitoring and safety functions on the OTEC plant Command: A command station on the OTEC platform shall be integrated to allow for an on-site crew to monitor the health and safety of the various subsystems the compromise the OTEC plant to enable immediate corrective action to be taken in the event of an emergency. Context? A six-person crew plus a crew chief is anticipated for around-the-clock monitoring and safety functions on the OTEC plant E-5 Functional Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Requirement Shutoff Requirement subsystem Requirement Requirement Requirement Monitoring Requirement Monitoring Requirement Action S.11 Emergency S.12 Control S.13 Computer S.14 Processing S.15 Error S.16 Health S.17 Corrective Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer N.2 N.3 Communication Communication: The command station shall be equipped with VHF radios for communicating with the Coast Guard and other ship traffic that might be in the area. In addition, either satellite phones will provide an all-weather telephone service. Broadband Internet service will also be provided for data communications with Power Holding Company of Nigeria. Communication: The command station shall be equipped with VHF radios for communicating with the Coast Guard and other ship traffic that might be in the area. In addition, either satellite phones will provide an all-weather telephone service. Broadband Internet service will also be provided for data communications with Power Holding Company of Nigeria. Monitoring and Control Monitoring and Control: All major equipment shall provide appropriate status information to the command center to enable effective system status monitoring and enable corrective actions to be taken by crew in the control center. Monitoring and Control: All major equipment shall provide appropriate status information to the command center to enable effective system status monitoring and enable corrective actions to be taken by crew in the control center. E-6 Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Function 3 Monitor Health Requirement S.11 Emergency Shutoff Requirement S.12 Control subsystem Requirement S.13 Computer Requirement S.14 Processing Requirement S.7 Tachometer rating Requirement S.8 Tachometer status Requirement S.9 Thermocouple rating Requirement S.10 Voltage Meters Requirement S.11 Emergency Shutoff Requirement S.12 Control subsystem Requirement S.13 Computer Requirement S.14 Processing Requirement S.15 Error Monitoring Requirement S.16 Health Monitoring Requirement S.17 Corrective Action Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer N.4 System Lifetime N.5 System Availability N.6 Survivability The OTEC plant shall be designed to operate over a forty-year (40) period with appropriate system, subsystem and component level maintenance performed over the life of the system. The OTEC plant shall be designed to operate over a forty-year (40) period with appropriate system, subsystem and component level maintenance performed over the life of the system. The OTEC system shall have an availability of 95%.The OTEC system shall have an availability of 95%. The OTEC plant shall be designed and constructed to “survive” a 100-year storm that Lagos could experience. Context? Because of the location and weather patterns, Nigeria doesn’t experience hurricane level storms or any earthquakes. A typical 100-year storm in the area is would result in land flooding and would have no impact on the OTEC system. The term “survive” implies that the plant will not be operational during a major tsunami but the system should be capable of being re-activated within four weeks of the storm’s conclusion following necessary repairs. The OTEC plant shall be designed and constructed to “survive” a 100-year storm that Lagos could experience. Context? Because of the location and weather patterns, Nigeria doesn’t experience hurricane level storms or any earthquakes. A typical 100-year storm in the area is would result in land flooding and would have no impact on the OTEC system. The term “survive” implies that the plant will not be operational during a major tsunami but the system should be capable of being reactivated within four weeks of the storm’s conclusion following necessary repairs. E-7 Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 2 Cold Water Pipe Component 7 Hot Water Pipe Component 8 Turbine Component 9 Water Pump Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 8 Turbine Component 9 Water Pump N.7 N.8 Construction Maintenance of Subsystems N.9 MTTR N.10 Sea Safety The OTEC system shall be designed and constructed to facilitate installation by appropriate commercially available ships, dry docks, tugs, and similar marine construction craft. Context ? A shoreside facility for staging and preparing the OTEC systems for installation is anticipated. The OTEC system shall be designed and constructed to facilitate installation by appropriate commercially available ships, dry docks, tugs, and similar marine construction craft. Context ? A shore-side facility for staging and preparing the OTEC systems for installation is anticipated. Design and construction of the OTEC plant shall facilitate regularly scheduled maintenance of subsystems and components as recommended by the various manufactures. Design and construction of the OTEC plant shall facilitate regularly scheduled maintenance of subsystems and components as recommended by the various manufactures. Key component replacement and regularly maintenance will be designed such that the mean time to repair (MTTR) shall support the capability factor target of 95%.Key component replacement and regularly maintenance will be designed such that the mean time to repair (MTTR) shall support the capability factor target of 95%. The OTEC plant shall be equipped with appropriate navigation warning signs, rotating beacon lights, radar reflectors, and any other equipment required by stationary objects at sea consistent with Nigerian Coast Guard regulations. The OTEC plant shall be equipped with appropriate navigation warning signs, rotating beacon lights, radar reflectors, and any other equipment required by stationary objects at sea consistent with Nigerian Coast Guard regulations. E-8 Requirement S.7 Tachometer rating Requirement S.9 Thermocouple rating Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 8 Turbine Component 9 Water Pump Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 8 Turbine Component 9 Water Pump Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 8 Turbine Component 9 Water Pump Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC N.11 Environmental Safety Q.1 Modularity Q.2 Q.3 Q.4 Component Lifetime Quality Efficiency Commercial Components Q.5 Recycled Power Q.6 Supportability The OTEC plant shall be equipped with suitable fire fighting equipment as well as hazardous material (HAZMAT) handling equipment in case of emergencies with the ammonia-based power system and associated storage and handling equipment. The OTEC plant shall be equipped with suitable fire fighting equipment as well as hazardous material (HAZMAT) handling equipment in case of emergencies with the ammonia-based power system and associated storage and handling equipment. The OTEC system shall incorporate a modular design for the power producing systems. The OTEC system shall incorporate a modular design for the power producing systems. The OTEC system shall use subsystem components that have at least a 40 year lifetime, where possible. The OTEC system shall use subsystem components that have at least a 40 year lifetime, where possible. The OTEC system shall use subsystem components that have high efficiencies, where possible. The OTEC system shall use subsystem components that have high efficiencies, where possible. The OTEC system design shall incorporate commercial components where possible. The OTEC system design shall incorporate commercial components where possible. The OTEC system shall use the power generated to power the subsystems. The OTEC system shall use the power generated to power the subsystems. The OTEC system shall be designed to provide ease of supportability. The OTEC system shall be designed to provide ease of supportability. E-9 Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Function 3 Monitor Health Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 2 Cold Water Pipe Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 7 Hot Water Pipe Component 9 Water Pump Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Function 3 Monitor Health Requirement S.11 Emergency Shutoff Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC Architecture 1 OTEC Q.7 Q.8 Q.9 Q.10 Human Factors Redundancies Power Cable Used Water S.1 Pumps S.2 Heat Exchangers S.3 Turbine S.4 Generator The OTEC system shall use human factors engineering where humans interact with the system. The OTEC system shall use human factors engineering where humans interact with the system. The OTEC System shall be designed with redundancies in the control system. The OTEC System shall be designed with redundancies in the control system. The OTEC system shall include more than one power connection to the shore distribution center. The OTEC system shall include more than one power connection to the shore distribution center. The OTEC system shall release used water at a depth of equal temperature. The OTEC system shall release used water at a depth of equal temperature. Adequately sized pumps shall be selected to cycle water and the working fluid through the heat exchangers. Adequately sized pumps shall be selected to cycle water and the working fluid through the heat exchangers. Adequately sized heat exchangers (Condenser and Evaporator) shall be selected for the system. Adequately sized heat exchangers (Condenser and Evaporator) shall be selected for the system. A Turbine capable of spinning with the appropriate velocity and torque shall be selected for the system. A Turbine capable of spinning with the appropriate velocity and torque shall be selected for the system. A generator capable of producing 150MW shall be selected for the system. A generator capable of producing 150MW shall be selected for the system. E-10 Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Constraint Function 0 Operate OTEC System Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 2 Cold Water Pipe Component 3 Condenser Component 4 Evaporator Component 7 Hot Water Pipe Component 9 Water Pump Functional Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 5 Fluid Pump Component 9 Water Pump Performance Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 3 Condenser Component 4 Evaporator Performance Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8 Turbine Performance Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 6 Generator S.5 Component Selection S.6 Voltage Regulators S.7 Tachometer rating S.8 Tachometer status S.9 Thermocouple rating S.10 Voltage Meters All components selected for the OTEC system shall be rated to handle the corrosive ocean salt water environment. All components selected for the OTEC system shall be rated to handle the corrosive ocean salt water environment. The OTEC system shall use inline voltage regulators capable of supporting the distribution requirements. The OTEC system shall use inline voltage regulators capable of supporting the distribution requirements. A tachometer capable of accurately tracking turbine speed +/- 20rpm shall be selected to monitor the turbine. A tachometer capable of accurately tracking turbine speed +/- 20rpm shall be selected to monitor the turbine. The tachometer shall be able to report status back to the central computer in the control center. The tachometer shall be able to report status back to the central computer in the control center. Thermocouples capable of achieving +/0.1 degree C accuracy shall be selected to measure temperatures at the heat exchangers. Thermocouples capable of achieving +/- 0.1 degree C accuracy shall be selected to measure temperatures at the heat exchangers. Precision High Voltage Meters shall be selected to measure the generators output voltage, and power to the water and working fluid pumps. Precision High Voltage Meters shall be selected to measure the generators output voltage, and power to the water and working fluid pumps. E-11 Performance Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 3 Condenser Component 3.1 ThermostatC Component 4 Evaporator Component 4.1 ThermostatE Component 5.1 Pressure Sensor Component 6 Generator Component 6.1 Power Sensor Component 8.1 Tachometer Component 9.1 Pump Power Sensor Performance Function 2 Generate Power Architecture 1 OTEC Component 6 Generator Performance Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8.1 Tachometer Performance Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 8.1 Tachometer Performance Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 3.1 ThermostatC Component 4.1 ThermostatE Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Component 6.1 Power Sensor Component 9.1 Pump Power Sensor Performance S.11 Emergency Shutoff S.12 Control subsystem S.13 Computer S.14 Processing S.15 Error Monitoring S.16 Health Monitoring The OTEC system shall be equipped with an emergency shutoff switch to stop all systems in the event of an emergency. The OTEC system shall be equipped with an emergency shutoff switch to stop all systems in the event of an emergency. The Monitoring system shall provide status to the Control subsystem The Monitoring system shall provide status to the Control subsystem The control system shall contain a processing computer capable of processing data from the Monitoring subsystem The control system shall contain a processing computer capable of processing data from the Monitoring subsystem The status of the components shall be processed to determine if the values are good or if adjustment need to be made to enhance performance. The status of the components shall be processed to determine if the values are good or if adjustment need to be made to enhance performance. If the control system determines there is a major error in the system, the central computer shall stop and shutdown the OTEC system. If the control system determines there is a major error in the system, the central computer shall stop and shutdown the OTEC system. If the control system determines the values are good, then the computer shall have the system to continue running. If the control system determines the values are good, then the computer shall have the system to continue running. E-12 Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Performance Function 3 Monitor Health Architecture 1 OTEC Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer S.17 Corrective Action If the control system determines the adjustments need to be made, then the computer shall direct the system to raise or lower the power to the pumps until the optimum conditions are met. If the control system determines the adjustments need to be made, then the computer shall direct the system to raise or lower the power to the pumps until the optimum conditions are met. E-13 Performance Function 1 Control OTEC System Architecture 1 OTEC Component 1 Central Computer