WCDR Hyogo Framework
for Action:
• Calls upon member States with support of UN,
Regional and Civil Society organisations to
prioritise:
• “Incorporation of disaster risk reduction
measures into post disaster recovery and
rehabilitation processes,
• use opportunities during recovery phase to
develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in
the long run, including
• through sharing of expertise , knowledge and
lessons learnt”
What recent recovery
experiences are telling us
• UNDP disaster post disaster recovery experiences
(Gujarat, Indonesia)
• Non integration of risk reduction in recovery, sometimes
rebuilding risk;
• Needs assessment not always demand driven, stake
holder consultative processes weak;
• Institutions set up to manage recovery- have not led to
sustained national and local capacities for disaster
deduction;
• Opportunities for Transformative Recovery require
upscaling of small innovative initiatives led by civil
society organisations in the larger reconstruction plans,
which do not always happen
Rebuilding Risk/ Rerofitting the
Reconstruction
Gujarat Earthquake 2001
Rehabilitation:
the tyranny of rush
• 1.5 billion USD programme, to be disbursed
rapidly, political pressures to speed the
benefits to affected householders
• Cash disbursement without hazard resistant
technology dissemination
• Danger of rebuilding previous vulnerabilities
• Monitoring , feed back by Civil society
networks (setus, funded by DFID, USAID,
SDC and Netherlands brought about midterm
corrections)
Indonesia Resettlement plans :
new risks?
• Massive destruction of settlements, more than
400,000 people displaced,
• Plans to relocate randomly dispersed IDP camps
into 24 interim shelter camps,
• Site selection creating new risks as clearing hill
rain forests
• Opportunity for zone planning on basis of
environmental considerations, need to be driven
by local participative processes
Gujarat : Civil society networks launched participative
process of consulting villages and reversed GOG policy
to relocate villages If Recovery plans for Shelter are to
lead to community resilience needs time, process and
participation
Indonesia: Damage and Needs Assessment
Methodology: Formulating recovery programmes
based on consensus and stakeholder participation
• Assessment driven by the need to secure donor
commitments
• Limited possibilities of community and local stake
holders consultations
• Multiple agencies appealed for similar sectors
• Difficult to ensure that global technical skills of will come
together seamlessly to serve Aceh Recovery (these were
not part of the sectoral needs assessments)
• Highlights the need to establish predefined roles as per
comparative advantages, through a shared, commonly
owned needs assessment methodology
Capacity for Managing Recovery
UN system: Inadequate resources for RECOVERY in UNCT
• absence of predictable surge as in UNDAC, as post disaster
Recovery programmes swell 8/9 times normal developmental
operations, BCPR – UNDP supports co-ordination through Trac
resources: not a predictable UN/ International system mechanism
National actors: Create para-statal to manage huge Recovery
programmes/ not sustained after life of project (MEERP,GSDMA,
Office of National Reconstruction, Jamaica)
• Indonesia: set reconstruction team in BAPPENAS, with 10 sectoral
teams
• Linkages to decentralised BAPPEDAS, and district Administration
complex , as all developmental resources have been delegated to
District Administration
• Danger of turning into parallel government structures that overlap
functions and mandates and bypass accountability and control
mechanisms
Resource vs. local absorptive
capacity: Indonesia and Gujarat
Indonesia: Huge resource commitments for Flash Appeal, 350 millionn
USD, in flash, 3 .9 billion reconstruction plan at CGI, many
International NGO have upwards of few hundred million USD
• However absorptive capacity constraints : local Govt, NGO, civil
servants ,already weakened by conflict, decimated by Tsunami
• Possibilities to empower the people of Aceh, and Local govt. of
Aceh Indonesia need a deep consultative process with local
communities, upscale innovations initiated by civil society
organisations
Gujarat Earthquake :Gap at sub-district level, in view of Huge
magnitude of Funds to be channelised by Govt, WB, ADB at the Sub
District level
• Need to strengthen Institutional Capacity at the cluster of 15 villages
--Sub Center level, to absorb development funding, transparency of
expenditures, grievance redressal, information sharing
• Setting up Setus- Bridges, SDC, USAID and DFID, later up scaled
under WB funded Rehab Programmes
Tsunami Early Warning vs Multi
Hazard risk reduction
Indonesian plan is based on science : seismographs to monitor
earthquakes, buoys to monitor wave movements, satellite
communications to trigger siren warning of Tsunami in remote
communities Aim to reduce dependence on human communication
chain by making technology communicate to people directly
• However established best practice reveals community based
preparedness and awareness campaigns, local community based
mechanisms to trigger response work robustly
Gujarat: Shift from less frequent earthquake to more probable
Droughts, multi hazard assessment and risk management Planning
• Multi-Hazard prone-drought, cyclones
• Drought impoverished, cyclone devastated families do not have
livelihood security to build earthquake houses
• Comprehensive development plan, ecological restoration, drought
proofing, sustainable livelihoods
Indonesia Tsunami: opportunity
for transformative recovery
• Aceh has 20 year old separatist movement run by GAM, GOI has
invested heavily in military security
• Destruction of Police stations, courts and death of police personnel
Possibilities for reducing high cost military security and substituting
community policing, rule of law institutions based on traditional courts
• Death of civil Servants: recruitment for Acehenese, open transparent
• Capacity enhancement of Distt/ sub district offices by training, new civil
service and providing technical support for damage assessments,
infrastructure and settlement planning, risk reduction through mitigation
measures in housing and spatial planning, early warning, and conflict
sensitive development practices,
• Progress in Peace talks indicator of opportunity to rebuild with peace
Key Challenges for International
Community/ UN
• Strengthening international and national capacities to
deliver recovery strategies and programmes informed of
lessons learnt from the past
• Institutional arrangements: to support local
empowerment, strengthening local absorptive capacities
• Recovery tool kit: commonly shared Needs Assessment
methodology to derive transitional recovery needs, with
associated risk mitigation components, with division of
roles as per comparative advantages, and training in these
tools
•Predictable partnerships:need for pre-established
partnerships across UN agencies, IFIs, key
government line ministries
Defining recovery
• International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
definition: “decisions and actions taken after a disaster
with a view to restoring or improving the pre-disaster
living conditions of the stricken community, while
encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments to
reduce disaster risk”. Recovery from a disaster is thus
primarily about:
• Shifting focus from saving lives to restoring livelihoods
• Effectively preventing the recurrence of crisis situations
• Harnessing conditions for future development
• Building on national capacities
• Empowering communities
• Determining/addressing root causes and vulnerabilities
MDGs
Alternate Paths of Transition from
Relief to Development– A Model
Poverty as a proxy MDGs
Human Poverty Index
Sustainable
Development
PRE- Disaster,HDI( poverty
index)
Pre disaster HPI Aceh
Connection –
Recovery to SHD
Recovery
Community, Govt
ownership with
vulnerability
reduction , conflict
prevention, builds
Ideal Recovery
Continuum of Relief
and Recovery
Post Tsunami HPI Aceh
Humanitarian
Response
Uneven
recovery(
cotracter driven)
Unsustainable
recovery(siesmically
unsafe housing)
Transition
MDGs by 2015
Community
resilience
TIME
R (ideal) R (delayed)
Recovery
2015
International Recovery Platform
(IRP) proposed at WCDR, Kobe
• The IRP to function as an international
repository of knowledge and clearinghouse mechanism for recovery that
currently does not exist within the UN
system.
• The IRP will promote a shared vision and
common approach and strategies for its
members
IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES
• To provide a coordination framework and network for postdisaster recovery, in support of the Resident Coordinator
system and disaster affected ,donors, IFIs and others
• To facilitate the dissemination of lessons learned and the
development of common tools and mechanisms
• To provide advice on the formulation of post-disaster
recovery planning and programming with risk reduction
approach
• To strengthen national capacities for post-disaster recovery
ensuring links with longer term development programming
• To facilitate South-South co-operation between disaster
prone countries; utilize the accumulated know-how of these
countries in post-disaster recovery.
Interlinked service lines of IRP
Recovery
operations
occur with
lack of
capacity and
knowledge
tools in
absence of a
concerted
recovery
platform
Advocacy
Knowledge
Manageme
nt
Capacity
Building
Support
Enhanced
Recovery
Operations
1- Advocacy and Knowledge
Management
• Recovery needs assessment and planning
tools
• The systematization of recovery experiences
• Information Management tools
• Programming tools
2)Capacity Building
• Activities to build the capacities for post-disaster
recovery with an emphasis on human resource
development within UN Country Teams, as well
as national and international counterparts.
• Key human resources trained in post-disaster
recovery concepts and skills.
• Global network of experts and global databases
for recovery experts established.
• Training curricula, manuals and modules
produced.
3) Enhanced Recovery
Operations
• Provision of common tools and mechanisms for operational activities
in recovery
• South-South cooperation amongst disaster prone countries that
have world-class capacities in this area
• Enhanced capacity of UN Country teams and national and local
authorities able to develop recovery plans that incorporate risk
reduction and response preparedness elements
• Technical surge capacity support services available to UN Country
teams and national and local authorities, to provide technical
assistance to post-disaster recovery operations.
• Advisory services to UN Country teams and national and local
authorities to develop resource mobilisation strategies, consistent
with requirements of IFIs including regional banks.