This activity contains 25 questions. What is the key relationship between anatomy and physiology? Physiological functions are performed by specific structures. Anatomy is more important than physiology. Physiological functions are performed by an array of general structures. There is no relationship between anatomy and physiology. Physiology is defined as ______________. the study of the effects of exercise the study of the function of anatomical structures the study of the biological effects of disease the analysis of the structures of cells The study of the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the neck or trunk, is ___________. regional anatomy medical anatomy cell physiology developmental anatomy Which of the following is an example of extrinsic regulation? The nervous system stimulates the heart to beat faster during exercise. Tissues release chemicals to increase blood flow to their cells. Blood vessels release chemicals to increase platelet aggregation. The brain maintains blood pressure by controlling the diameter of its blood vessels. The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment is: metabolism homeostasis positive feedback loop inflammation Which part of the homeostatic regulatory system detects changes in the environment? Control center Effector Stimulus Receptor What is the body's primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation? Control center inhibition Positive feedback Negative feedback Stimulus enhancement Under "normal" conditions _______________. set points are rigidly adhered to and when slight deviations occur, the body launches an "all out effort" to bring the system back to the norm set points are generally found within a set range. Nevertheless, minor oscillations can raise havoc within the system set points are generally found within a set range. This allows for minor oscillations around the set point; these minor oscillations are usually ignored set points are highly variable and internal reactions to set points cannot be predicted with any accuracy at all In a positive feedback system, what effect does the response to the stimulus have on the stimulus itself? May increase or decrease the stimulus, depending on the circumstances Exaggerates the stimulus Decreases the stimulus Does not affect the stimulus Why is positive feedback useful to the human body? Provides long-term control over the body's internal conditions Restores a variable to homeostasis Helps to maintain a normal range of set point values Can complete a potentially dangerous or stressful process quickly When does disease or illness form? When a receptor receives a stimulus When the body cannot maintain homeostasis for a particular variable or set of variables When there is too much negative feedback When positive feedback is occurring Which of the following is located distally to the elbow? Shoulder Toes Wrist Knee Which of the following is the most medial structure? Ears Eyebrows Feet Navel The mental region is ___________ to the nasal region. medial inferior lateral superior The arms are __________ to the sternum. lateral medial distal proximal A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left portions is called: vertical coronal sagittal transverse Which of the following is found in the dorsal body cavity? Heart Brain Liver Lungs Which of the following is not found in the mediastinum? Liver Esophagus Heart Trachea Which of the following is not found in the abdominopelvic cavity? Pancreas Liver Stomach Lungs Which of the following is found in the pleural cavity? Lungs Pancreas Stomach Liver What is the name of the membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity? Meninges Pericardium Peritoneum Pleura Which of the following is found in the pelvic cavity? Small intestine Lungs Liver Rectum The pericardial cavity surrounds the: urinary bladder lungs heart spinal cord The visceral pleura ____________. covers the organs of the abdominal cavity lines the inner surface of blood vessels lines the inner surface of the lungs covers the surface of the lungs Which of the following is a function of serous membranes? Regulate body temperature Connect muscle to bone Reduce friction Increase traction This activity contains 9 questions. What would you call something that was made of two or more tissues that worked together to perform several functions? Cell Organ Atom Molecule Tissue Which of the following statements about homeostasis is NOT correct? Hormones function in extrinsic regulation of homeostasis. Extrinsic regulation usually occurs when autoregulation is insufficient to maintain homeostasis. The actions of the nervous system are not part of the autoregulatory processes of homeostasis. Autoregulation refers to the automatic changes in a cell, tissue, organ, or system that occur with environmental variation. Maintaining long-term homeostatic effects such as growth in children is mediated mainly by autoregulation. Which of the following is NOT an example of positive feedback? Loop can be broken only by external processes Important in processes that must be completed quickly Leads to response that exaggerates stimulus Likely to be associated with disease processes Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation Which organ system protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, and provides sensory information? Endocrine system Cardiovascular system Digestive system Integumentary system What is the function of the urinary system? Directs long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activities of the body, and controls changes during development Provides movement and support and generates heat that maintains body temperature Excretes waste products from the blood and regulates blood ion concentration and pH Delivers air to alveoli, provides oxygen to the bloodstream, removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream, and provides sounds for communication Which plane would you use to cut the human body so you could see the anterior and posterior sections of the heart? Frontal/coronal Midsagittal Transverse Sagittal Homeostatic regulation of body temperature is an example of: disease negative feedback positive feedback After eating a sugary donut and drinking a soft drink your blood glucose levels rise above a normal range. How would negative feedback affect this variable? Blood glucose levels would rise even further. Blood glucose levels would fall to below what is considered a normal range. Blood glucose levels would return to a normal range (homeostasis). None of the above. Which body cavity would a surgeon open to operate on the uterus? Pericardial cavity Pleural cavity Pelvic cavity Mediastinum This activity contains 8 questions. Match the following descriptions to the correct directional term: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 1.1 The front Superior 1.2 The back Posterior/dorsal 1.3 Above 1.4 Below 1.5 The head Caudal Inferior Cranial/cephalic Anterior 1.6 The tail Match the following areas of study with the proper subject matter: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 2.1 Reproductive functions Systemic physiology 2.2 Disease processes Special physiology 2.3 Chemical processes within cells Cell physiology Pathological physiology 2.4 Heart functions Put the following levels of organization into the proper order, matching from least complex (1) to most complex (6): Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 3.1 1 Chemical or molecular level 3.2 2 Cellular level 3.3 3 3.4 4 3.5 5 Tissue level Organ system level Organism level Organ level 3.6 6 Match the following descriptions to the correct directional term: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 4.1 Toward the midsagittal plane 4.2 Away from the midsagittal plane 4.3 Toward an attached base Superficial Deep Distal Proximal 4.4 Away from an attached base Medial 4.5 Close to the body surface Lateral 4.6 Farther from the body surface Match the following descriptions to the correct sectional plane: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 5.1 A cut that sections the body into superior and inferior portions Parasagittal section 5.2 A cut that sections the body into anterior and posterior portions 5.3 A cut that sections the body into equal right and left portions 5.4 A cut that sections the body into unequal right and left portions Transverse or cross section Frontal or coronal section Midsagittal or median section Match each organ system with the appropriate function: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 6.1 Provides movement and generates heat 6.2 Provides oxygen to the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream Reproductive system Muscular system Respiratory 6.3 Breaks down and absorbs nutrients 6.4 Excretes waste products from the blood system Urinary system Digestive system 6.5 Produces sperm/oocytes and hormones Match each term to the appropriate subspecialty of anatomy: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 7.1 Gross anatomy Muscular tissue of the leg 7.2 Regional anatomy 7.3 Systemic anatomy 7.4 Histology Kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra The heart, lungs, and ribs Neural structure within the retina of the eye The fingers and toes 7.5 Cytology Match each organ system with the appropriate function: Using the pull-down menus, match each item in the left column to the corresponding item in the right column. 8.1 Cardiovascular system 8.2 Nervous system 8.3 Integumentary system 8.4 Endocrine system 8.5 Skeletal system Defends against infection and disease Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems Distributes blood cells, water, dissolved materials, and heat and assists in control of body temperature Provides support and protection for organs and tissues Protects against environmental hazards Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body 8.6 Lymphatic system This activity contains 5 questions. The correct anatomical position is feet flat, face forward, arms to the side, and palms facing backward. True False A sagittal plane separates the anterior and posterior sections of the body. True False The muscles are superficial to the skin. True False The ventral body cavity includes the spinal cavity and the pelvic cavity. True False The nervous system helps regulate body temperature. True False This activity contains 8 questions. is the study of internal and external structure of the body, literally meaning "to cut open." is the name of the study of how the body performs its functions. Of the two general mechanisms involved in homeostatic regulation, refers to local processes and extrinsic regulation involves the nervous system or the endocrine system. The receptor. receives and processes information supplied by the The is a muscular sheet that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity. The system contains arteries, capillaries, and veins. The system contains the ureters and urethra. The system contains the esophagus, pharynx, and liver.