Chapter 13, 14 (Review questions)
The sequence of nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA may determine the sequence of:
a. Fatty acids in a fat molecule
b. Amino acids in a protein molecule
c. Sugars in a polysaccharide molecule
d. All of the above choices are correct
e. Bases in a protein molecule
The sequence of nitrogen bases on one strand of DNA could determine the:
a. Sequence of nitrogen bases in mRNA
b. Sequence of amino acids in protein
c. Sequence of nitrogen bases in the other DNA strand
d. All of the above choices are correct
e. Sequence of amino acids in the mRNA
The "one-gene one-enzyme" hypothesis concluded that:
a. Each type of gene codes for a single type of polypeptide
b. Specific enzymes give rise to specific genes
c. Only certain genes function in cells
d. Enzymes regulate gene activity
When comparing DNA and RNA, we find:
a. No sugar is present in either molecule
b. Hydrogen bonding is important only in DNA
c. Only DNA has a backbone of sugars and phosphates
d. Adenine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA
e. Thymine pairs with different bases in DNA and RNA
Which of these is found in RNA but not in DNA?
a. Adenine
b. Uracil
c. Thymine
d. Phosphate groups
e. Deoxyribose sugar
Both DNA and RNA:
a. Are single-stranded molecules
b. Contain the same four types of nitrogen bases
c. Have the same five-carbon sugars
d. Contain phosphate groups
e. Cannot both be present in a cell simultaneously
The number of consecutive mRNA bases needed to specify an amino acid is:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 20
d. 64
e. A variable number
The number of different possible codons is:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 20
d. 64
If a bacterial protein has 30 amino acids, how many nucleotides are needed to code for it?
a. 30
b. 60
c. 90
d. 120
e. 600
Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from one generation to the
next?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. Proteins
e. Lipids
If the sequence of bases in a section of DNA is TAGGCTAA, what is the corresponding sequence
of bases in mRNA?
a. ATCCGATT
b. TAGGCTAA
c. CGAAUCGG
d. AATCGGAT
e. AUCCGAUU
The number of nucleotides in a codon is:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 20
d. 64
e. A variable number
Which of the choices is coded for by the shortest piece of DNA?
a. A tRNA having 75 nucleotides
b. A mRNA having 50 codons
c. A protein having 40 amino acids
d. A protein with 2 polypeptides, each having 35 amino acids
e. A mRNA having 100 bases
The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called:
a. Translation
b. Transformation
c. Replication
d. Transcription
e. Polymerization
The function of the promoter is
a. to signal the RNA polymerase where to start transcribing the DNA.
b. to signal the RNA polymerase which strand of the DNA to read.
c. to signal the RNA polymerase where to stop transcribing the DNA.
d. all of the above.
e. a and b.
Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. Proteins
e. Lipids
Transcription is the process of
a. synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template.
b. assembling an RNA molecule without a template.
c. synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template.
d. synthesizing a protein using information from a mRNA.
e. replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.
A transcription start signal is called
a. an initiation codon.
b. a promoter.
c. an origin.
d. a start site.
e. a nonsense codon.
Uracil pairs with:
a. Thymine
b. Adenine
c. Guanine
d. Cytosine
e. Uracil
What mRNA carries from the nucleus is:
a. Enzymes
b. Ribosomes
c. Information
d. Amino acids
e. tRNA
RNA can be distinguished from DNA because RNA:
a. Has one polynucleotide chain per molecule
b. Has the base uracil
c. Has the sugar ribose
d. All of the above choices are correct
e. Is never found in the nucleus
If a tRNA molecule specialized for transfer of the amino acid valine has the anticodon CAG, with
what codon will it couple?
a. GAC
b. GTC
c. TUG
d. GUC
e. CAG
Suppose one strand of a "mini-gene" has the following base sequence:
TACCCGGATTCA
The polypeptide encoded by this gene has how many amino acids?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 12
The last codon in the mRNA will be:
a. UGA
b. AGT
c. AGU
d. TCA
A part of a mRNA molecule with the following sequence (5¨-CCG ACG-3¨) is being translated by
a ribosome. The following activated tRNA molecules are available. Two of them can
correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form
tRNA anticodon
Amino acid
GGC
proline
CGU
alanine
UGC
threonine
CCG
glycine
ACG
cysteine
CGG
alanine
The dipeptide that will form will be
a. cysteine-alanine
b. proline-threonine
c. glycine-cysteine
d. alanine-alanine
e. threonine-glycine
Choose the answer that has these events of protein synthesis in the proper sequence
1. a tRNA binds to the first codon
2. a peptide bond forms
3. tRNA leaves ribosome
4. ribosome associates with mRNA
5. ribosome moves down the mRNA by three bases
a. 1,3,2,4,5
b. 4,1,2,5,3
c. 5,4,3,2,1
d. 4,1,3,2,5
e. 2,4,5,1,3
The anticodon for AUC is:
a. TAG
b. AUC
c. GAU
d. CUA
e. UAG
An anticodon is:
a. 4 consecutive nucleotides in tRNA
b. 3 consecutive nucleotides in tRNA
c. The beginning of a DNA molecule
d. 3 consecutive nucleotides in mRNA
e. 3 consecutive amino acids in a protein
(1)
(2)
In the sequence: DNA  RNA  protein
Step (1) is called
a. Translation
b. Amino acid synthesis
c. DNA replication
d. Transcription
e. Dehydration synthesis
Transfer RNA:
a. Is a nucleic acid that alone codes for the primary structure of a protein
b. Is made directly from DNA during transcription
c. Is incorporated into the structure of ribosomes
d. Is larger in size if the protein to be made is longer in amino acid sequence
e. Transfers amino acids from proteins to mRNA
A type of RNA that binds to a specific amino acid is:
a. Messenger RNA
b. Ribosomal RNA
c. Transfer RNA
d. Nuclear RNA
e. Cytoplasmic RNA
The process of converting the "message" of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called:
a. Translation
b. Transcription
c. Activation
d. Replication
e. Repression
The site of protein synthesis is the:
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Nucleus
c. Nucleolus
d. Ribosome
e. Eukaryotic chromosome
Each new amino acid is attached to the growing chain by:
a. An ionic bond
b. A physical bond
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. An RNA bond
e. A peptide bond
All of the following are directly involved in translation except:
a. Ribosomes
b. tRNA
c. Amino acids
d. DNA
e. mRNA
The manufacture of proteins from RNA and amino acids is:
a. Activation
b. Transformation
c. Replication
d. Transcription
e. Translation
Suppose one strand of a "mini-gene" has the following base sequence:
TACCCGGATTCA
The anticodon of the tRNA that carries the first amino acid will be:
a. AUG
b. UAC
c. UCA
d. AGU
A sequence of three RNA bases can function as a(n)
a. codon.
b. anticodon.
c. gene.
d. a and b.
e. a and c.
Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from mRNA to protein?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. tRNA
d. Proteins
e. Lipids
Ribosomes are a collection of
a. small proteins that function in translation.
b. proteins and small RNAs that function in translation.
c. proteins and tRNAs that function in transcription.
d. proteins and mRNAs that function in translation.
e. mRNAs and tRNAs that function in translation.
The adaptors that allow translation of the four-letter nucleic acid language into the 20-letter
protein language are called
a. transfer RNAs.
b. ribosomal RNAs.
c. messenger RNAs.
d. ribosomes.
e. all of the above.
A charged tRNA enters the protein-synthesizing machinery at the ribosomes by recognition of its
a. codon.
b. anticodon.
c. wobble.
d. amino acid.
e. none of the above.
What is the minimum number of tRNA molecules required to produce a 60-amino acid
polypeptide made up of only ten different kinds of amino acids?
a. 15
b. 10
c. 30
d. 60
e. 120
A gene may encode information needed by a cell to produce:
a. Enzymes
b. Structural proteins
c. Hormones
d. RNA
e. All the above choices are correct
The sequence of bases on one strand of DNA could determine the
a. sequence of bases in mRNA
b. sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule
c. sequence of bases in the other DNA strand
d. all of the above choices are correct
e. a and b are correct
How does a cell use its DNA to create the cell itself?
a. By controlling the environment outside the cell
b. By controlling the production of more DNA
c. By controlling the replication of mitochondria and chloroplasts
d. By controlling the production of cellular proteins
e. Both choices b and d are correct
A random change in a DNA nucleotide base sequence:
a. Has no influence on genetic variation
b. Is never expressed phenotypically
c. Constitutes a mutation
d. Is never beneficial to the organism
e. Will kill the cell when it occurs
A gene mutation is defined as change in the:
a. Nucleotide sequence of RNA
b. Nucleotide sequence of DNA
c. Amino acid sequence in protein
d. Activation of a gene
e. Structure of ribosomes
For a mutation to affect evolution, it must occur in:
a. Somatic cells
b. Prokaryotic cells
c. Diploid cells
d. Gametes
e. Eukaryotic cells
Of the following types of mutations, which is considered the least drastic?
a. Insertion of one base
b. Deletion of two bases
c. A neutral base substitution
d. A stop codon
e. A substitution of a hydrophilic amino acid for a hydrophobic one
A mutation that results in a change in the codon reading pattern could result from:
a. a base insertion only
b. a base deletion only
c. a base substitution only
d. deletion of three consecutive bases
e. either an insertion or a deletion of a base
Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a
protein?
a. a base substitution
b. a base deletion near the start of the coding sequence
c. a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence
d. deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence
e. a base insertion near the end of the coding sequence