Assignment for Dr. Cooke Yang Qing According to Pavlovskaya and Bier (2011,485), “The marginalization of a group such as Arab Americans is often a part of a complex ideological production (Naber, 2000). Absence of information, including census-based knowledge, aids marginalization by making it easy to disregard or negatively stereotype group identity.” Basically, they argues that Arab Americans are often marginalized because the census fails to account for viable categories for them to choose. Census fails to account for classifications of some ethnical groups, which is part of the reason why Arab Americans are often marginalization (Pavlovskaya and Bier, 2011, 485). Reference: Marianna Pavlovskaya and Jess Bier, 2011, Mapping census data for difference: Towards the heterogeneous geographies of Arab American communities of the New York metropolitan area. Geoforum 43 (2012), 483– 496.