Exam #1
Objectives
Remember this review is meant to serve as a guide and only a guide to ensure your notes are complete. You will
need to be able to DO, show evidence of understanding and READ YOUR BOOK! Simply filling out this review
sheet will not suffice to earn a good grade.
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Define “biology”
Characteristics of living organisms
Central Dogma
Differences between Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Structure of atoms, three subatomic particles and their charges
Nnumber of protons, and electrons of an element if given a periodic table of elements
Define: ion, cation, anion
What is the Importance of the electron
Arrangement of electrons: Electron dot diagrams
Bonds: ionic, covalent, polar covalent bonds and Hydrogen bonds
Water, its structure (including its partial charges), its characteristics that make it so important to biological
organisms
Acids and bases
pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions
Organic molecules
Macromolecules
Structure and Functions of
• carbohydrates
• lipids
• proteins
• nucleic acids
Dehydration synthesis
Saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated
structure/ function of nucleotides
• difference between DNA and RNA
• nucleotides in DNA, RNA or both--be able to recognize the structure
• be able to give a complimentary sequence if given the sequence of one strand of DNA/RNA
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organization of DNA (eukaryote vs. prokaryote)
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steps of transcription
post-transcriptional modifications
translation and protein structure
Proteins functions and structure
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structural levels of proteins
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R group and protein folding
Steps of translation
Be able to use table 4.1 to generate a protein if given an mRNA sequence or DNA double strand.
Four levels of protein folding
Amino acid structure and peptide bonding
Role of tRNA & Amino acyl tRNA synthase
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Sample Practice problems:
1. Using your periodic table determine the numbers of each subatomic particle for Oxygen.
Draw the electron dot diagram, which shell is the valence shell? How many valence electrons are there? What is
the valence for Oxygen? What type of bond does oxygen make? Why?
2.
If an atom has 7 valence electrons, what type of bond will it make? WHY?
3.
If an atom has a valence of 5, what type of bond does it make?
4.
If an atom has 17 electrons, 17 protons and 18 neutrons… what is its atomic mass?
5.
Draw two molecules of water, indicating the type of bond that holds ONE water molecule together and the
type of bond that holds MULTIPLE water molecules together by cohesion.
6.
If [H+]= 10 -8, What is the PH? Is this acidic or basic?
7.
If two solutions have a pH= 6 and ph =4. What is the difference in the hydrogen ion concentrations
between the two solutions?
8.
On the double stranded DNA helix below indicate where the promoter and termination sequences are in
relation to the gene.
Gene
9.
If the DNA sequence is 5 ‘ ATCGTTACCGATTA 3”
What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
What is the sequence of the RNA strand that could be generated?
Which was your template strand?
Practice practice practice… self test… make sure you know ALL your notes !