Chapter 15.5
The Way to Victory
SOUTHERN VICTORIES
• 1862-1863 Gloomy for North but Hope
for the South
• Lee’s Northern Virginia Army seemed
unbeatable
Fredericksburg
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December 13, 1862
Burnside (North) and Lee (South) meet
Burnside had larger army
Confederates were entrenched
Victory for Confederates
Burnside resigns out of humiliation
Joseph Hooker becomes North general
Battle of Chancellorville,
Virginia
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Hooker rebuilds northern army
Lee attacks Hooker’s army
Confederate wins again!
Many causalities
Stonewall Jackson killed by Confederate
troop by accident
• Oops, I am sorry! Too late, he’s dead
The Tide of War Turns
• Lee decides to invade the north
• A southern victory would give the south
a moral boost and perhaps convince
Britain and France to aid in the war
effort
Battle of Gettysburg
• June, 1863
• Hooker is replaced by George Meade.
Hooker wanted to attack Richmond and
Lincoln wanted him to go after Lee.
• Meade was to attack Lee, protect
Washington, D. C. and Baltimore from
Confederate attacks
The Battle Begins at
Gettysburg
• Lee and Meade meet by accident at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1863
• Lee was raiding Gettysburg for shoes
• 3 days of bloody fighting
• Northern troops outnumbered
• Retreated to Cemetery Ridge
• Confederates attack Cemetery Ridge
Pickett’s Charge
• On third day, Lee ordered General
George Pickett to charge the ridge
• 13,000 soldiers advanced in an open
1/2 mile field
• Confederates were easy targets
• Very few Confederate soldiers made it
to the ridge
• Less 1/2 soldiers returned
Lee is retreats at Gettysburg
• Lee knew that the battle was a lost and
retreated
• Meade does not follow Lee and Lee gets
away
• Lincoln is furious at Meade for allowing
Lee to get away
• Lincoln said “We only had to stretch
forth our hands and they were ours”.
Turning Point of the War
• The tide of the war is turned at
Gettysburg
• North is victorious and South is
devastated.
• North moral is boosted
• South moral is deflated
Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi
• July 4, 1863
• Confederate controlled Mississippi River
with a fort on a high bluff
• Northern general Grant attacks
Vicksburg for several months and finally
seizes the Confederate strong hold
Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
• November 19, 1863
• Cemetery dedication
• Lincoln gives famous Gettysburg
Address
• Address helps Americans look beyond
battles and focus on their shared ideas
Final Phases of War
• Lincoln names Grant as Commander of
Northern Army
• Although Grant was wild and crazy and
had resigned due to drinking problems
in 1854, Lincoln said “I can’t spare this
man. He fights”
• Lincoln finally found a general that
would get the work done
General Grant’s Goals of War
• Grant decides to attack the South on all
fronts at once.
• Army of Potomac would try to crush
Lee’s troop in Virginia
• Western Army under Sherman would
march through Georgia and capture
Atlanta
Virginia Battles
• Spring of 1864, Northern troops met up
with Southern troops under Lee
• 3 battles occur outside of Richmond,
Virginia
• Lee held fast but Grant continued to
resume attacks
• North claims victory but at a large cost
of human lives
• 60,000 Northern casualties
• Critics called Grant a butcher
Election of 1864
• Grant could not capture Richmond,
Sherman could not capture Atlanta,
Georgia and North moral drops
• Lincoln re-election chances did not look
good
Candidates for 1864 election
• Democrats wanted
to make peace with
the south even if it
meant Confederate
independence.
• General George
McClellan was their
candidate
• Republicans
supported the war
and Lincoln’s
presidency.
• Abraham Lincoln
was their candidate
Lincoln wins election of 1864
• Sherman takes
Atlanta
• Farragut takes the
Mobile Bay in
Alabama which
allows the North to
control the Gulf of
Mexico
• Sheridan controls
Shenandoah Valley
in Virginia
• North’s mood
change and re-elect
Lincoln by taking
55% of the popular
vote
Total War
• Sherman’s March to the Sea
• Sherman ‘s army advances from
Atlanta Georgia to Savannah, Georgia
• Burned fields and crops
• Destroyed Railroads and roads
• Burned homes
• Killed animals
• Took anything that would be useful to
the South
Sherman’s March
• After Savannah, Sherman marches
North destroying everything
• The Southern people are devastated
and spirits were broken
• Successful mental decay of the South
by the North
• But, will the South ever forget?
Victory for the North
• Throughout the fall of 1864, Grant
continued the seize of Petersburg, an
important railroad center outside of
Richmond
• April 2, 1865 Petersburg falls to the
Union
• Richmond fell the same day
http://www.history.
com/this-day-inhistory/jeffersondavis-captured
Surrender at Appomattox
• Lee surrenders to General Grant on
April 9, 1865 at Appomattox
Courthouse, a small town.
• Grant’s term were generous:
Confederate soldiers were to lay down
their arms and free to go home
• Grant allowed them to keep their
horses and supplies to help them
rebuild their homes and crops.
Terms of Surrender
General
R.E.
Lee,
Commanding
C.S.A.
APPOMATTOX
Ct
H.,
Va.,
April 9,1865, General; In accordance with the substance of my letter to you of the 8th inst., I
propose to receive the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia on the following terms, to wit:
Rolls of all officers and men to be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to an officer to be
designated by me, the other to be retained by such officer or officers as you may designate. The
Surrender
Terms
1865the Government of the United
officers to give
their individual
parolesat
notAppomattox,
to take up arms against
States until properly [exchanged], and each company or regimental commander to sign a like parole
for the men of their commands. The arms, artillery, and public property to be parked, and stacked,
and turned over to the officers appointed by me to receive them. This will not embrace the side-arms
of the officers, nor their private horses or baggage. This done, each officer and man will be allowed
to return to his home, not to be disturbed by the United States authorities so long as they observe
their paroles, and the laws in force where they may reside.
Very respectfully,
U.S. Grant,
Lieutenant-General
Victorious North
• Grant orders the surrendering
Confederate Soldiers be given 3 days
worth of food.
• Jefferson Davis fled Richmond before it
fall, but was captured on May 10th in
Georgia
• The Civil War was officially over
Results of the War
• 600,000 soldiers died
• Cost billions of dollars damage, mostly
in the South
• Created bitter feelings among
Southerners that have lasted for
generations
• The North saved the Union
• Strengthened the federal government
And, Finally
• The Civil War freed millions of African
Americans
• What will the freed slaves do now?
• Where will they go?
• How will they support themselves
• Most could not read or write
• Many did not have any skill
• Are they Americans?
Assignment
• Make a list of the top ten problems the
United States and citizens faced at the
conclusion of the Civil War.
• Give an example on how the United
States could solve each problem.