In the margins:
1. Outline important details
2. Ask questions
3. Write comments
Sample Annotation Symbols:
Please note: This is only a list of possible annotation symbols! Please create your own annotation code, and use
symbols and markings that make it easy for you to remember! Make it simple, and use it consistently.

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Main Idea: underline
Topic: T
Argument: A
Supporting detail: 1. 2. 3.
Unknown words or meanings: circle the word(s)
Important characters, passages, or themes: [ brackets ]
Unusual details: * or 
Surprising details: !
Yeah, I knew that: 
Words to Look Out For:
Use the following types of relationship and signal words to help you figure out supporting details, main ideas,
topics.
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Addition
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Time
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Ex.: one, first (of all), third(ly) another, to begin with, also, in addition, furthermore, etc.
Ex.: before, previously, first (of all), second(ly), then, immediately, next, etc.
Compare
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Ex.: likewise, (just) as, (just) like, similar(ly), alike, in like manner, etc.
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Contrast
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Cause and effect
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Ex.: but, yet, however, although, instead, in contrast, on the other hand, even though, etc.
Ex.: therefore, so, consequently, due to, as a result, if…then, because (of), accordingly, etc.
Illustration
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Ex.: such as, (for) example, (for) instance, to illustrate, to be specific, including, etc.
Also, be on the lookout for words, or their synonyms, that are repeated. In the same
regards, look out for repeated concepts and phrases. Ideas that are recurring will often
help you figure out the main idea, topic, argument, and/or supporting details.
TIP 1: When finished, turn your annotations into an outline and/or concept map to create
an easy study guide. Focus on important details, vocabulary words, etc.
TIP 2: Use your own words as much as possible. This helps to understand the text you are
reading rather than trying to memorize it.
Flip this page over. There is a sample paragraph
that has been annotated.
(Use this skill to help annotate longer texts)
Outline and Concept Map of the Paragraph
Various reasons for poor grades
I.
Financial issues
A. Working long hours leaves little time to study
II.
Relationship troubles
A. Personal relationships can cause distractions from
schoolwork and can "sublimate the desire to
succeed"
1.
III.
Sublimate: change, push down
Poor study habits
A. Some students have never learned study skills, such
as taking "copious notes," therefore causing them to
be unsuccessful scholastically.
1.
Copious: large quantity, detailed, meticulous
Reading Success Center
Library East Basement: E36
Revised: April 29, 2014