Physiology 31
Lab Exam #1 Study Guide
Scientific Method and Metrics (refer to the handouts) – you should be able to do the following:
- Measure object lengths and convert English measurements to metrics; also calculate the volume
of a solid object
- Weigh objects on a triple beam balance, and convert English weights to metrics
- Measure fluid volumes in graduated cylinders and beakers, also calculate density of a substance
- Convert temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celcius, and from Celcius to Fahrenheit
- Convert from one metric unit to another (e.g., meters to centimeters, to millimeters, etc.)
- Explain how to use the 5 steps of the scientific method to investigate a phenomenon
- Formulate null and alternative hypotheses about a phenomenon
- Use table of data to graph the experimental results
- Make conclusions from the experimental results
Other Calculations you should be able to perform the following (refer to the calculations
worksheet)
- Convert whole numbers, decimals, and fractions into percents; also convert percents to whole
numbers and decimals
- Calculate the molecular weight of a molecule when given the molecular weights of each of the
atoms in the molecule
- Use molecular weight to convert from moles to grams, and vice versa; what is a mole?
- Use the molarity of a solution to calculate how many grams of solute would be needed; also use
solute grams and solution volume to calculate molarity
- Calculate percent solutions when given the molarity of a solution, and the molarity of a solution
when given a percent solution
Cells & Tissues – be able to do the following:
- Identify cell parts and their functions (refer to the cell chart worksheet)
- Identify tissue types, at least one location in the body for each, and their basic functions (refer
to the tissue chart handout)
Molecules of Living Systems – be able to
- Identify basic monomer (building block) organic molecules (monosaccharides, saturated and
unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and nucleotides) in 3-D form or by their
structural formulas
- Deduce whether a solution contains monosaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid, or protein by the
use of chemical tests; know which chemical is used to test for each organic molecule, and what
constitutes positive and negative results
Lab Exercise 5A & 5B - Cell Transport Mechanisms & Membrane Permeability
- Explain how Brownian movement is related to molecular motion and diffusion
- Define passive transport, diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion; what types of molecules
are moved across cell membranes by these types of transport mechanisms? How does
facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
- Define active transport. How does active transport differ from passive transport? What is the
most common form of active transport in the body?
- Describe filtration. Name one area in the body where filtration takes place.
- Define osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure. How are they related?
- What six factors influence the rate of diffusion, and how do they affect diffusion?
- Explain what is meant by hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions, and what happens to
cells placed in each of these types of solutions
- What are the two basic types of vesicular (bulk) transport? What types of molecules are
transported across cell membranes by vesicular transport?