Chapter 32
irregular verb - sum, esse, fui, futurus
pres.
Latin singular
English singular
Latin plural
English plural
Latin singular
English singular
Latin plural
English plural
Latin singular
English singular
Latin plural
English plural
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
imp.
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
fut.
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
Passive Voice - Perfect System
We are now going to use the 4th principal
part of Latin verbs.
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
Look at the following sentences:
Triclinium paratum est.
The dining room has been prepared.
Tres lecti positi erant.
Three couches had been placed.
Cena confecta erit.
Dinner will have been finished.
The perfect, pluperfect and future perfect
passive are formed by using the 4th principal
part and a form of the verb sum, esse.
So far the 4th principal part of verbs have
ended in -us, we will now add -a and -um. This
is because this form of the verb acts as an
adjective and agrees in case, number and
gender.
Triclinium paratum est.
triclinium is neuter
and singular, so is
paratum
Tres lecti positi erant.
lecti is masculine and
plural, so is positi
Cena confecta erit.
cena is feminine and
singular, so is
confecta
audio, audire, audivi, auditus
delecto, delectare, delectavi, delectatus
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
Activity 1:
Identify the tense
1. videtur
6. complebamur
11. mussabimur
2. invitati sunt
7. portatus erat
12. dabantur
3. empta eris
8. audiemini
13. habeberis
4. laudatae sumus 9. confecta eram 14. advenebatur
5. eversus est
10. cocti erint
15. vocata estis
Activity 2: Underline the passive verb, identify the tense and the
noun it agrees with, then translate the sentence.
1.
Servus, nomine Pseudolus, in Forum missus
est.
tense:
2.
noun:
Glires ab Aureliā empti erant.
tense:
noun:
3.
Cum triclinium paratum erit, convivae
intrabunt.
tense:
4.
noun:
Servi ioco optimo delectati sunt.
tense:
noun:
5.
E culinā magnus cachinnus auditus erat.
tense:
6.
noun:
Cum lepus ab Aureliā inventus erit,
Pseudolus punietur.
tense:
noun:
7.
“Tu, Pseudole,” inquit Aurelia, “leporem
emere non iussus es.”
tense:
8.
noun:
Octo denarii a lanio accepti sunt.
tense:
noun:
Activity 3: Circle the correct subject of the sentence by looking at
the ending of the passive verb, then translate the sentence.
1.
______ a matre vocata erat.
(Ancilla, Liberi, Eucleides)
2.
______ ex insulā emissae sunt.
(Fumus, Ornamenta, Flammae)
3.
_____ in mensā positus erat.
(Panis, Glires, Mappa)
4.
_____ a lanio minutum est.
(Denarii, Pretium, Porcus)
Activity 4: In the blank fill in the verb ending to agree with the
subject, then translate the sentence.
1.
Pueri amiss___ erant.
2.
Patres laudt___ sunt.
3.
Virgo vis___ erit.
4.
Fenestra fract___ erat.
5.
Animalia necat___ sunt.
6.
Adulescens vocat___ erit.
7.
Libri script___ erant.
8.
Sorores rogat___ sunt.
9.
Pons creat___ erit.