Chapter 6
What is a noun?
persons, places,
things, ideas,
states or qualities
Marcus cibum conspicit.
Marcus catches sight of the food.
Flavia ancillam conspicit.
Flavia catches sight of the slave-woman.
Pollux arborem conspicit.
Pollux catches sight of the tree.
declensions
1st
sing.
nominative
genitive -
dative
accusative
ablative
2nd
plural
sing.
3rd
plural
sing.
plural
Cases = part of speech
nominative
subject
genitive
shows possession - 's, of . . .
dative
indirect object - to, for . . .
accusativedirect object,
ablative
object of a preposition
object of a preposition
What is a verb?
a word that expresses an
action, state or condition
What does a verb tell?
what a subject is or does
What does tense mean?
time of the verb
How many persons do
verbs have?
three
How does English
indicate the person of
a verb?
use of a
personal
pronoun
Latin
singular
English
singular
Latin
plural
English
plural
1st:
-o
I
-mus
we
2nd:
-s
you
-tis
you all
3rd:
-t
he,
she, it
-nt
they
ego
I
tu
you
nos
we
vos
you all
What is an verb infinitive?
a form a verb without
person or number
to walk
to love
to prepare
to watch
to carry
What two letters does
a Latin infinitive end in?
to
to
to
to
to
walk
love
prepare
watch
carry
ambulāre
amāre
parāre
spectāre
portāre
-re
volo
I want . . .
nolo
I don’t want . . .
paras
you prepare . . .
potest
he is able . . .
vult
he wants . . .
parat
he prepares . . .
non vult
he doesn't want .
..
Activity 1 - underline the infinitive, circle the verb
it completes and translate
1.
Ego ad villam currere volo.
2.
Ancilla cibum coquere vult.
3.
Ego cubiculum purgāre nolo.
4.
Servus in agris laborāre non vult.
5.
Tu cibum coquere paras.
6.
Sub arbore sedēre potest.
What is an impersonal
verbal phrase?
a phrase that uses
it for the person
of the verb
What type of verb
does a verbal phrase
usually occur with?
an infinitive
reprehendere
How is an impersonal
verbal phrase always
translated?
with the pronoun it
necesse est
it is necessary
Necesse est Latinos
verbos studere.
It is necessary to
study Latin words.
What is meant by
gender?
grammatical classification of
a word as either masculine,
feminine or neuter
In English:
nouns are not classified
according to grammatical
gender, some nouns however
have natural gender based
on the biological sex of the
person or animal.
In Latin:
natural gender - all words
referring to males are
masculine
deus god
Juppiter Jupiter
puer boy
vir man
all words referring to
females are feminine:
mater mother
Juno Juno
regina queen
femina woman
most nouns ending in -a
are feminine
most nouns ending in -us
are masculine
Grammatical gender unrelated to biological sex
masculine
book
chariot
army
field
feminine
boat
tree
courage
country
neuter
river
temple
gift
animal
What is an adjective?
a word used to describe a
noun or tell about its
character
tired slave
slow horse
What three things must an
adjective agree with the
noun it is describing?
case - nominative or accusative
number - singular or plural
gender - masculine, feminine, neuter
laetus, laeta
defessus, defessa
iratus, irata
magnus, magna
infirmus, infirma
frigidus, frigida
temerarius, temeraria
happy
tired
angry
large, loud
weak, shaky
cold, cool
rash, reckless
vicinus, vicina
strenuus, strenua
molestus, molesta
sollictus, sollicta
calidus, calida
ignavus, ignava
perterritus, perterrita
neighboring
active, energetic
annoying
anxious, worried
warm
cowardly, lazy
frightened
Davus est servus defessus.
Davus is a tired slave.
Ancilla est defessa.
The slave woman is tired.
Pueri sunt molesti.
The boys are annoying.
Puellae sunt laetae.
The girls are happy.
The _______
gender of many nouns
is difficult to predict, but you
can tell by looking at the
adjective
_________used
to describe
the noun.
Magnus clamor in horto est.
A loud noise is in the garden.
The -us of magnus shows
the clamor is masculine
Arbor est magna.
The tree is large.
The -a of magna tells us the
arbor is feminine
Activity 2 – Tell the gender of each noun below, F for feminine
and M for masculine:
1. Aurelia ______
6. piscina _______
11. amica ______
2. stola ______
7. toga ______
12. Sextus ______
3. Davus ______
8. ramus ______
13. servus ______
4. amicus ______
9. vir ______
14. palla ______
5. Cornelius_____
10. aqua ______
15. cibus ______
Activity 3 – In each of the following sentences, write N over each noun and
ADJ over each adjective. Draw arrows from adjectives to the nouns they
describe. Give the gender (m = masculine or f = feminine) of the modified
noun. Then translate sentence.
1. Davus semper est sollicitus. Gender: _____
2. Multae arbores in agris sunt. Gender: ____
3. Sextus magnam arborem ascendit. Gender: ___
4. Puellae defessae iam dormiunt. Gender: ___
5. Rami sunt infirmi. Gender: _____
6. Sextus ignavus non est. Gender: ______
7. Nihil puerum laetum terret. Gender: _____
8. Sextus ex arbore cadit et magnum fragorem
facit.
Gender: _____
9. Puellae magnam vocem audiunt. Gender: ____
10. Puellae sollicitae sunt et ad Sextum currunt.
Gender: _________
11. Sextus est salvus. Gender: _________
12. Aqua est calida. Gender: _________
13.
Cibus est frigidus. Gender: _________
14. Pater in villā scribit sollicitus. Gender: _____
Activity 4 – Translate each sentence:
1.
Cornelia magnum fragorem audit.
Cornelia hears the loud crash.
2.
Pueri sunt laeti.
3.
Puella sollicta magnam vocem audit.
4.
5.
The boys are happy.
The anxious girl hears the loud voice.
Sextus est puer strenuus.
Sextus is an energetic boy.
Davus puerum strenuum non amat.
Davus does not like the energetic boy.
6.
Pueri ad villam vicinam currunt.
7.
Puellae laetae in agris errant.
8.
Nunc necesse est surgere quod lucet.
9.
The boys run to the neighboring house.
The happy girls wander in the fields.
It is now necessary to rise because it is light.
Mox omnes surgunt quod strenue
laborāre necesse est.
Soon all get up because it is necessary to work
hard.