Chapter 18
What does tense refer
to?
time of the verb
Present
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
1st
erro, errāre
-o
-amus
-as
-atis
-at
-ant
2nd
doleo, dolēre
-eo
-emus
-es
-etis
-et
-ent
3rd
agnsosco,
-o
-is
-it
agnoscere
-imus
-itis
-unt
3rd –io & 4th
fugio, fugrere
-io
-imus
-is
-itis
-it
iunt
-ebam
-ebas
-ebat
-ebam
-ebas
-ebat
-ebamus
-ebatis
-ebant
-iebam -iebamus
-iebas -iebatis
-iebat -iebant
Imperfect
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
-abam
-abas
-abat
-abamus
-abatis
-abant
-ebamus
-ebatis
-ebant
Activity 1 – Translate each sentence into English.
1.
Pueri nuntium ad Cornelium ducunt.
Pueri nuntium ad Cornelium ducebant.
2.
Cornelia amicam nomine Flaviam habet.
Cornelia amicam nomine Flaviam habebat.
3.
Nos ancillas Davum impedīre nolumus.
Nos ancillas Davum impedīre nolebamus.
4.
Ego cibum in cubiculo meo celo.
Ego cibum in cubiculo meo celabam.
5.
Syre et Sexte, raedam magna arte agitis.
Syre et Sexte, raedam magnā arte agebatis.
Nouns:
case -
nominative:
subject
genitive: shows possession, of
dative
accusative: direct object, object of a prep.
ablative: object of a preposition
number gender -
singular or plural
masculine, feminine, neuter
Activity 2 – Identify the case, number and gender of
the underlined nouns:
1.
Ubi raeda in fossam descendit, omnes Cornelii
concidunt.
_______________
2.
_______________
Cornelius, irā commotus, raedarium rogabat, “Quid
faciebas, ubi cisium appropinquabat?”
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
3.
Equos incitat et raedam extrahere temptat, sed
frustra.
_______________
4.
Apollodorus est dominus omnium servorum qui
sunt in cauponā.
_______________
_______________
_______________
5.
In omni urbe magna aedificia sunt.
_______________
_______________
6.
Cornelia laudat Marcum, puerum fortem, qui
omnes lupos in silvā magnā repellit.
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Latin adjectives agree with the noun
case
they are describing in __________,
number
_____________
and ___________.
gender
What is the case, number and gender of :
multas villas acc., fem., pl.
multos agros acc., masc., pl.
multos arbores acc., fem. pl.
30
Latin adjectives have ____forms
to
agree with all 5 cases, all 3 genders
and both singular and plural.
Adjectives are not_____________,
declensionist
they will describe any noun from any
declension.
How many declensions of adjectives
are there in Latin?
two
obesus, obesa, obesum
fortis, fortis, forte
1st – 2nd Declension Adjectives
solus, sola
ignavus, ignava
perterritus, perterrita
laetus, laeta, laetum
iratus, irata, iratum
molestus, molesta, molestum
strenuus, strenua, strenuum
scelestus, scelesta, scelestum
longus, longa, longum
tardus, tarda, tardum
magnus, magna, magnum
praeclarus, praeclara, praeclarum
miser, misera, miserum
calidus, calida, calidum
bonus, bona, bonum
*meus, mea, meum
*noster, nostra, nostrum
*tuus, tua, tuum
plenus, plena, plenum
Romanus, Romana
sollicitus, sollicita, sollicitum
frigidus, frigida, frigidum *vester, vestra, vestrum
*possessive adjective - my book
periculosus, periculosa, periculosum
Activity 3:
Decline the following adjective – magnus, -a, -um
singular
masc.
nom: magnus
plural
fem.
magna
neut.
*magnum
masc.
magni
fem.
neut.
magnae
*magna
gen:
dat:
acc:
abl:
*
*
3rd Declension Adjectives
ones we have seen so far:
brevis, brevis, breve,
omnis, omnis, omne,
immobilis, -is, -e
incolumis, -is, -e
fortis, -is, -e
Activity 4: Decline the following adjective –
omnis, omnis, omne
singular
plural
masc.
nom: omnis
fem.
omnis
neut.
*omne
gen:
masc.
fem.
neut.
omnes
omnes
*omnia
*
*
*
dat:
acc:
abl:
*
*
*
*
*
What is the case, number and gender of:
omnes villas
omnes agros
omnes arbores
Note that the adjective omnes has the same
endings all three times while two different
forms, multas and multos, are used above.
Why is this?
3rd declension adjectives have the same endings
for accusative plural masculine and feminine,
whereas 1st/2nd declension adjectives have
different endings for accusative plural masculine
and feminine
Agreement Clues
There are three agreement clues of case, number and
gender that will help you decide which noun the
adjective modifies:
1.
Sometimes any one of the three agreement clues
will show which noun an adjective modifies:
Mater bonos pueros laudat.
The mother praises the good boys.
a.
mater and pueros are different in case,
number and gender therefore the clues
point to bonos describing pueros
Mater bonas puellas laudat.
The mother praises the good girls.
a.
mater and puellas are the same gender, but
not the same case and number therefore
bonas describes puellas
Mater bonam puellam laudat.
The mother praises the good girl.
a.
mater and puellam are the same gender and
number but not the same case therefore
bonam describes puellam
Activity 5:
Identify all adjectives in the sentences below by
underlining them. Then draw an arrow to the nouns they are modifying.
Translate the sentence.
1.
Omnes viatores ad cauponas vesperi adveniebant.
2.
Apollodorus est dominus omnium servorum qui
sunt in cauponā.
3.
In omni urbe magna aedificia sunt.
4.
Aurelia non est femina fortis, nam in cauponis
periculosis pernoctāre non vult.
5.
Omnes liberi erant laeti quod Syrus, raedarius
bonus, raedam celerrime agebat.
6.
Raedarius obesus equum tardum ad raedam
ducebat.
7.
Defessa Aurelia nomina puerorum vocat; sed
strenui pueri magnam vocem Aureliae non
audiunt.
8.
Iratus Davus servum molestum togā arripit.