Europe between the Wars: Teacher Answer Sheet
Section 1: Europe after World War One
1. Other countries owed them money
2. Owe money to other nations
3. Free trade
4. War guilt and reparations
5. Colonies and territories
6. No role in negotiations, signed under protest
7. Territorial loss, onerous reparations, and the sole guilt
8. It would lead to further conflicts in Europe
9. An international organization dedicated to disarmament and peaceful resolution of
international conflict
10. The United Nations
11. He warned the US not to become involved with them
12. The Senate would not ratify the treaty
13. Bankers
14. Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Poland
15. Provisional
16. Mesopotamia and Palestine
17. Turkey
18. 2,000,000
19. Forceful expulsions of people out of their territories
20. China
Section 2: Russia goes Communist
1. The Romanov Dynasty
2. The Latin word Caesar.
3. They were executed in 1918
4. 80% of Russians were peasants
5. A form of slavery in which peasants were bound to large agricultural estates.
6. It had the largest factories in the world.
7. The Czar abdicated
8. The Bolsheviks
9. Food
10. Food and an end to the war
11. Lenin would end the war with Germany
12. The dictatorship of the proletariat, a small group of dedicated individuals
13. He nationalized industries and banned labor unions
14. Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian.
15. Landowners, conservatives, republicans and those opposed to the unfavorable treaty
Lenin signed with Germany.
16. Leon Trotsky
17. Private enterprise became illegal. A major famine occurred
18. The International Committee for Russian Relief, America
19. Sailors of the Baltic Fleet as well as soldiers and civilians at Kronstadt.
20. Lenin thought it was the first step toward world-wide revolution; Trotsky thought the
Russian Revolution needed a permanent world-wide revolution.; Stalin thought that
the USSR should think about itself only.
21. Hungary and Bavaria
22. Secret police
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23. Rule by one person, not limited by law, constitution or competing political interests.
24. The state regulates every aspect of social and personal life.
25. Five-year plans
26. Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler
27. He wanted them to become factory workers.
28. The Hunger Plague, felt most in the Ukraine
29. Forced labor
30. A city of giant steel works
31. They confessed to crimes against the state and were executed.
32. John Dewey
33. A Soviet dissident writer
34. 30,000
35. 8.5 million arrests, one million executions
36. A system of forced labor camps for political and other prisoners.
37. It increase 6.5 times
Fascist Italy
1. It is derived from the fasces, a symbol of power in ancient Rome
2. The ancient Roman Empire
3. The socialists and communists
4. The economy is controlled by elected councils representing each economic sector
(labor, industry, agriculture, etc.).
5. National Fascist Party
6. Nationalist and anti-communist, corporatist economics, restore Italy’s prestige by
building a new Roman Empire through colonial expansion in North Africa and the
Adriatic.
7. King Victor Emmanuel III
8. Left parliament in protest
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9. Non-fascist political parties were banned
10. Italy’s invasion of Abyssinia
Europe between the wars
1. The stock market crash of 1929
2. The US demanded repayment from France and Great Britain; France and Great
Britain demanded repayment from Germany; Germany needed loans form the US to
support its economy
3. 13%
4. Coal miners
5. Artists, musicians, sculptors, dancers and writers
6. The “Lost Generation”
7. America
8. A slow paralysis compared to a cataclysmic collapse
9. French communists, socialists and other left-leaning groups
10. The middle class
11. It was less industrialized
12. General Francisco Franco
13. They became more authoritarian
14. They had opted out of the international capitalist system
15. It is an influential cultural movement self-consciously revolutionary, featured
automatic painting and writing, and strongly referenced the unconscious mind.
Nazi’s take over in Germany
1. Weimer Republic
2. Bauhaus School
3. The Ruhr Valley, France and Belgium sent troops in to take control of it after
Germany defaulted on its reparations
4. Printed too much money
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5. 100,000,000,000 = One hundred billion times
6. It created a new schedule of payments, returned the Ruhr industrial zone, and
provided massive loans from the US
7. An end to reparation payments and a rejection of the War Guilt clause
8. Extreme right and left wing
9. He supported the militarist and anti-Semitic policies
10. They felt it was derogatory
11. A paramilitary arm of the Nazi party made up (at first) of ex-army storm troopers.
12. It was a symbol from Troy; it was the symbol of the “Aryan race”.
13. It was a call for more land and territory (colonies) for Germany.
14. Hitler’s failed coup d’état in Munich.
15. Hitler’s political manifesto
16. The Nazi’s gained power while the Social Democrats lost power.
17. Intimidation from the Nazi’s
18. The communists
19. President of the Weimar Republic
20. Second in command of the Third Reich.
21. Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
22. Head of the SS and the Gestapo, also the director of the concentration camps.
23. The only German institution not under Hitler’s control. Limited by treaty to 100,000
troops.
24. The paramilitary wing of the Nazi party, by 1934 it numbered more than 4 million.
25. An Elite group within the SA, led by Heinrich Himmler
26. The German secret state police
27. Leaders of the SA and others disloyal to Hitler were executed
28. Forced labor, imprisonment, and extermination.
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29. Many Jewish civil-service employees, including teachers and judges, removed.
30. Jews could not act as newspaper editors.
31. Voting rights, civil employment, marriage between Jews and non-Jews, sex between
Jews and non-Jews, Jewish children could not use non-Jewish playgrounds
32. “The Laws for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor.”
33. Kristallnacht
34. Six million
35. Jesse Owens, an African American
36. Marc Chagall, Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh, Degenerate and subversive.
Spanish Civil War and Collapse of the Versailles Treaty
1. The Nationalists, included large landowners, the Catholic church, and other anticommunist elements.
2. The Republicans (also called Loyalists), included liberals, anarchists, socialists and
communists.
3. Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Portugal
4. Soviet Union and Mexico
5. The US, France, and Great Britain
6. George Orwell
7. Intense bombing of civilian populations
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Established a German air force.
Sent troops into the Rhineland.
The annexation of Austria.
The Munich Agreement.
Invasion of Czechoslovakia.
The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.
Invasion of Poland.
9. Czechoslovakia
10. Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy
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11. The policy of granting gifts or concessions to secure peace, is today a derogatory term
often associated with the Munich Agreement
12. Germany and the Soviets would divide Europe into German and Soviet spheres of
influence
13. Poland
14. Germany invaded the Soviet Union
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