CIVIL RIGHTS
1. DEMANDS OF BLACK AMERICANS, 1. TO BE ABLE TO USE PUBLIC PLACES
AS FREELY AS WHITES 2.
THEY WANTED ENFORCEMENT OF THEIR
CONST RIGHT TO VOTE 3. A FAIR CHANCE WHEN APPLYING FOR JOBS
AND HOUSING
2. SECOND CLASS CITIZEN, BLACK PEOPLE IN THE SOUTH DID NOT HAVE
THE SAME RIGHTS AS WHITES OR ACCESS TO EQUAL
JOBS,
FACILITIES OR SCHOOLS
3. JIM CROW LAWS, SOUTHERN SYSTEM OF RACIAL SEGREGATION PASSED IN
THE LATE 1800'S
4. SOUTH, ALTHOUGH THERE WAS DISCRIMINATION IN BOTH THE NORTH AND
SOUTH CIVIL RIGHTS LEADERS CONCENTRATED ON THE SOUTH BECAUSE
THERE DISCRIMINATION WAS BY LAW
5. NAACP, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED
PEOPLE CIVIL RIGHTS ORG. STARTED IN EARLY 1900'S THAT FOUGHT
FOR RACIAL JUSTICE IN THE COURTS
6. THURGOOD MARSHALL, FIRST BLACK MAN TO SIT ON THE SUPREME COURT
7.CHARLES HOUSTON, HE TRAINED BLACK LAWYERS AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY
IN THE 1930'S THAT WENT ON TO WIN LEGAL BATTLES AGAINST
SEGREGATION
8. PLESSY V. FERGUSON, 1896 SUPREME COURT DECISION THAT LEGALIZED
SEGREGATION AS LONG AS FACILITIES WERE "EQUAL", BECAME KNOWN
AS THE "SEPARATE BUT EQUAL DOCTRINE"
9. BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION 0F TOPEKA, 1954 SUPREME COURT
DECISION THAT OUTLAWED SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS
10. SOUTHERN MANIFESTO, CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENT THAT ATTACKED #9
AND SAID THE COURT HAD NO RIGHT TO MAKE SUCH DECISIONS
11. EMMETT TILL, 1955 MURDERED BLACK BOY IN MISS WHOSE WHITE
MURDERERS WERE LET OFF ANGERING MANY AMERICANS
12. ROSA PARKS, 1955, BLACK WOMEN WHO REFUSED TO MOVE TO THE BACK
OF THE BUS AND ARRESTED IN MONTGOMERY ALABAMA FOR BREAKING
THE SEGREGATION LAW
13. MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT, 1955, BLACKS, ANGRY WITH ROSA PARK'S
ARREST BOYCOTTED THE BUSES FOR OVER A YEAR TO FORCE THE END
OF SEGREGATION LAWS
14.MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.,(MLK) A YOUNG BLACK MINISTER WHO BECAME
A LEADER OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT STARTING WITH THE BUS
BOYCOTT IN 1955
15. WHITE CITIZENS COUNCIL, GROUPS FORMED THROUGHOUT THE SOUTH IN
THE 1950'S TO OPPOSE INTEGRATION
16. SEGREGATION, KEEPING THE RACES SEPARATE, SUCH AS SEPARATE
DRINKING FOUNTAINS, SCHOOLS, NEIGHBORHOODS
17. INTEGREGATION, ALLOWING FREE ACCESS TO ALL PUBLIC FACILITIES
AND FORCING ALL PEOPLE TO WORK AND LIVE TOGETHER BY LAW
18. LITTLE ROCK SCHOOLS, SCHOOL BOARD INTEGREGATED ITS SCHOOLS BUT
WHITE MOBS AND THE GOVERNOR TRIED TO PREVENT BLACKS FROM
ATTENDING WHITE SCHOOLS, 1957-1959
19. SIT-INS, SUCCESSFUL CIVIL RIGHTS TACTIC WHERE BLACKS AND
OTHERS WOULD SIT AT SEGREGATED LUNCH COUNTERS BREAKING THE
LAW, 1960
20. SCLC, SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE, FORMED IN 1957
WITH MLK AS ITS PRES, IT WORKED THROUGH CHURCHES AND BECAME
ONE OF THE MAJOR CIVIL RIGHTS ORG
21. NON VIOLENT PROTESTS, MLK TACTICS BASED ON THE WORK OF THE
INDIAN LEADER GHANDI WHERE PROTESTORS WOULD NOT FIGHT BACK,
VERY EFFECTIVE IN WINNING THE PUBLICS SYMPATHY
22. FREEDOM RIDERS, 1961, PROTESTORS RODE BUSES TO TRY AND STOP
SEGREGATION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, WAS SUCCESSFUL AND
RESULTED IN THE INTEGREGATION OF LUNCHCOUNTERS
23.WHY DID THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT TAKE PLACE WHEN IT DID AND
NOT EARLIER?, BECAUSE OF:
1. BLACK URBANIZATION 2. RELIGIOUS FAITH 3. CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHTS 4. MEDIA COVERAGE 5. AFRICAN INDEPENDENCE
24. MEDGAR EVERS, BLACK CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST WHO WAS MURDERED
BECAUSE OF HIS ACTIVITIES, HIS KILLER WAS NEVER CONVICTED
25. OLE MISS, NAME FOR THE SEGREGATED UNIVERSITY OF MISS THAT WAS
ORDERED INTEGRATED IN 1962 FEDERAL MARSHALS HAD TO REMAIN AT
THE SCHOOL UNTIL THE BLACK STUDENT GRADUATED IN 1963
26. BIRMINGHAM. ALABAMA, ONE OF THE MOST SEGREGATED CITIES IN THE
SOUTH THAT MLK AND SCLC TARGETED FOR AN ALL OUT ATTACK ON
SEGREGATION IN 1963.
THEY WON IN MAY WHEN MANY BUSINESSES
AGREED TO DESEGERATE THEIR STORES
27.BULL CONNOR, POLICE CHIEF OF BIRMINGHAM WHO USED HIGH PRESSURE
HOSES, VICIOUS DOGS AND ELECTRIC CATTLE PRODS TO BREAK UP
PEACEFUL CIVIL RIGHTS DEMONSTRATIONS. MILLIONS OF PEOPLE ALL
OVER THE WORLD WATCHED AND THE PROTESTORS GAINED MASSIVE
SUPPORT
28.MARCH ON WASHINGTON, 250,000 AMERICANS GATHERED IN WASHINGTON
TO PEACEFULLY LOBBY FOR PASSAGE OF A CIVIL RIGHTS BILL IN THE
LARGEST POLITICAL RALLY EVER
29."I HAVE A DREAM", FAMOUS SPEECH GIVEN BY MLK AT THE MARCH ON
WASHINGTON IN AUGUST 1963
30. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964, OUTLAWED RACIAL, RELIGIOUS, AND SEX
DISCRIMINATION IN PUBLIC PLACES AND BY EMPLOYERS AND GAVE
31. FREEDOM SUMMER, 1964, 1,000 NORTHERN COLLEGE STUDENTS, MOSTLY
WHITE, WORKED IN THE SOUTH TO HELP GET BLACKS THE RIGHT TO
VOTE
32.GOODMAN, SCHWERNER AND CHANEY, TWO JEWISH WHITES AND ONE BLACK
CIVIL RIGHTS WORKERS WHO WERE MURDERED DURING THE "FREEDOM
SUMMER: OF 1964
33. MFDP, MISSISSIPPI FREEDOM DEMOCRATIC PARTY, TRIED TO REPLACE
THE WHITE DELEGATES TO THE 1964 DEMOCRATIC CONVENTION BUT
FAILED
34.SELMA, A 50 MILE MARCH FOR VOTING RIGHTS TOOK PLACE IN MARCH OF
1965 AND THE MARCHERS WERE ATTACKED BY ALABAMA STATE TROOPERS
35. VIOLA LIUZZO, WHITE MOTHER WHO WAS MURDERED WHILE BEING A
VOLUNTEER IN SELMA BY KKK IN MARCH 1965
36. VOTING RIGHT ACT OF 1965, AUTHORIZED THE ATTORNEY GENERAL TO
SEND OFFICIALS TO ANY AREA WHERE A CHARGE OF DISCRIMINATION
AT THE POLLS HAD BEEN FILED.
THEY COULD ALSO MONITOR
ELECTIONS AND REGISTER QUALIFIED BLACK VOTERS IN THOSE
DISTRICTS
37. WATTS, 1965, IN AUGUST A RIOT STARTED IN THE BLACK AREAS OF LA
AND WAS NOT PUT DOWN UNTIL 14,000 NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS WERE
SENT IN
38.MALCOLM X, BLACK MUSLIM MINISTER WHO WAS EXSPELLED FROM THE
MUSLIMS FOR BEING TOO RADICAL, HE BELIEVED THE WHITES WERE
"DEVILS" AND THAT A RACE WAR WAS STARTING, MURDERED BY BLACK
MUSLIMS IN 1965
39. BLACK SEPARATISM, CREATING AN ALL-BLACK SOCIETY SEPARATED FROM
WHITES, ADVOCATED BY MALCOLM X BEFORE 1964
40. BLACK POWER, SLOGAN WITHOUT ANY CLEARLY DEFINED MEANING USED
BY BLACK RADICALS
41.
BLACK PANTHERS, RADICAL BLACK GROUP THAT ADVOCATED
VIOLENCE TO GET THEIR GOALS, MANY WERE KILLED
USING
42. RIOTS, BETWEEN 1964-1968 THERE WERE MORE THAT 150 RIOTS IN
BLACK URBAN AREAS
43.KERNER COMMISSION, SET UP BY LBJ TO STUDY THE RIOTS WARNED THAT
THE US WAS BECOMING TWO SOCIETIES, ONE BLACK, ONE WHITE"SEPARATE AND UNEQUAL"
44. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1968, BANNED DISCRIMINATION IN THE SALE OR
RENTAL OF MOST HOUSING
45. WHITE BACKLASH,
THE RISE OF THE BLACK POWER MOVEMENT AND
BLACK SEPARATISM AND URBAN RIOTING CAUSED MANY AMERICANS TO
STOP SUPPORTING BLACK DEMANDS FOR NEW CIVIL RIGHTS MEASURES
46. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, FEDERAL GOVT POLICY THAT REQUIRED SCHOOLS
AND BUSINESSES TO HIRE MINORITIES OVER WHITES, CAUSED ANGER
IN MANY WHITES
47.
REVERSE
DISCRIMINATION,
GIVING
SPECIAL
PREFERENCE
MINORITIES OR WOMEN, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WHITE PEOPLE
TO
48. ASSASNATION OF MLK, HE WAS MURDERED IN MEMPHIS TENN ON APRIL
3, 1968 BY JAMES EARL RAY
49. MLK RIOTS, AFTER HE WAS SHOT THERE WERE RIOTS IN 125 CITIES
WHERE 45 PEOPLE WERE KILLED
50. INFLUENCE OF CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS, OTHER GROUPS TOOK THE
EXAMPLE OF THE BLACK STRUGGLE TO WORK FOR THEIR RIGHTS, SUCH
AS WOMEN, ENVIRONMENTALISTS, HISPANICS, INDIANS, CONSUMERS,
HANDICAPPED AND HOMOSEXUALS