- (CLF200)
Core area:
(CLF240)
AGRICULTURAL CORE CURRICULUM
- -
ANIMAL SCIENCE
Unit title:
MAJOR MAMMALIAN BODY SYSTEMS
______________________________________________________________________________
(CLF246)
Topic: HORMONE FUNCTION
time
taught in year
2 hours
2
______________________________________________________________________________
Topic objectives:
able to:
Learning
outcome #
(C-8,10) -
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be
To make student aware of the role of hormones in the body
systems.
(C-8,10)
-
Describe the term "endrocrinology."
(C-8,10)
-
Give examples of the kinds of effects that hormones have on
the body.
(C-8,10)
-
Describe the role of the pituitary and the gonads in
governing
sexual development in animals.
Special Materials & Equipment:
from CLF247.
Overhead projector; lists of hormones.
References: California Curriculum Guidelines - Ag Production: Vol I.
Curtis, Helena. (1977). Invitation to Biology. Worth
Publishers, Inc.
Biology. (1986). Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, Orland,
Fla.
Evaluation: Tests, quizes, crossword puzzles
TOPIC PRESENTATION:
A.
HORMONE FUNCTION
The study of hormones is called "endrocrinology."
1.
Endocrinology is the science that deals with the study of the
endocrine glands and their secretions, the hormones.
2.
Endocrine glands are small and are located throughout the
body. They contain cells that secrete the hormones.
They are
a.
ductless; and
246.1
b.
3.
4.
Once the hormones are in the bloodstream they are carried to
the various regions of the body where they cause certain organs to
perform specific functions. Hormones have an important effect upon
body function. Examples include:
a.
growth and fattening;
b.
reproduction;
c.
lactation; and
d.
egg laying.
Except for small amounts that may be held in the endocrine
organs themselves, hormones are not stored in the body.
a.
5.
6.
release their secretions directly into the bloodstream, rather
than feeding their secretions through a tube to another organ.
To correct a hormone deficiency it is necessary to give
repeated small doses rather than one large dose as is used
for treating some other animal ailments. (This better
imitates the actions of the endocrine glands.)
Factors related to the functions of hormones:
a.
only small amounts are required for proper function;
b.
they affect growth, body shape, the way the body uses its
food, and help the body to adjust to the changes in the
environment;
c.
an overdose of hormones can be cause more problems than
solutions, so treatment must be careful and measured;
d.
individuals may react differently to the same hormone;
e.
a given hormone may act differently on the tissues of
different species; and
f.
hormones appear to regulate biochemical reactions but do
not initiate them.
For good health and development, the glands must work together
as a unit.
a.
If a gland should become either too active or not active
enough, illness results.
a.
examples include - too active:
and
b.
not active enough:
hyperthyroidism, giantism;
drawfism and diabetes.
246.2
7.
B.
Because the activity of the endocrine glands effect the complete
animal system, all hormonal activities are carefully regulated by
the bodies "homeostatic" mechanism. (The term for the body's
ability to maintain a regulated temperate, heart rate, etc.)
HORMONE FUNCTION STUDY
1.
3.
Reproduction in males.
Reproduction in male is controlled by at least three hormones,
two from the pituitary gland and one from the testes.
a.
The pituitary effects and/or controls the activities of many
other glands through its own secretions.
b.
The testes are the glands in the male that are specifically
related to maleness.
1)
2.
-
Traits such as aggressiveness, size, etc. generally grouped
under the category of "secondary sex characteristics" or
those that begin to show with the onset of puberty.
The two hormones from the pituitary are called "gonadotropins"
because they stimulate the gonads or sex glands - in this case the
testes.
a.
The first is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In the female
it stimulates the production of follicles, in the male it
stimulates the seminiferous tubules to produce sperm.
b.
The second is call leutenizing hormone (LH) which stimulates
the interstial cells of the testes (cells of Leydig) to produce
the male hormone testosterone.
Testosterone is the hormone produced in the male gonads or testes.
It:
1)
causes the growth, development, and secretory activity of
the male reproductive organs and the accessory sex glands;
2)
is needed for the survival of spermatozoa; and
3)
governs the development of secondary sex characteristics,
such as the crest, male voice, sex drive, etc.
_____________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY:
Using the list found in Supplemental Worksheet #1, have the
students identify all items on a diagram of a cow.
_____________________________________________________________
246.3
Supplemental Worksheet #1
ENDOCRINE GLANDS OF A COW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
PITUITARY
HYPOTHALMUS
ADRENAL GLANDS
KIDNEY
OVARY
THYROID
PARATHYROID
246.4