Securing the Built Environment
Columbia/Wharton-Penn Roundtable
Risk Management Strategies in an Uncertain World
Michael J. Garvin
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics
Columbia University
Character
• Multi-scale Systems
– Network: Miles
– Contaminants: Microns
• Interdependencies &
Interactions
– Engineering systems
– Social, economic & urban
fabric
• Complex & Dynamic
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Vulnerabilities
Deterioration
Socioeconomic
Flux
Natural Events
Built
Environment
Technological
Change
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Criminal Events
Garvin/Civil Engineering/Columbia University
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Measures of Effectiveness
• Traditional
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Serviceability: satisfactory service to “user”
Reliability: probability of adequate service
Maintainability: effort required to sustain service
Efficiency: effective utilization of resources
• Emerging
– Sustainability
– Security
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“New” World?
“On Sept. 11th, the vulnerability of infrastructure didn’t
change. Principally what changed was our perception
of the threats.”
Robert Prieto
Parsons-Brinkerhoff
4/13/2002
Garvin/Civil Engineering/Columbia University
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Tools
Prepare
Learn
Structural
Mitigate
Manage
Windows
Structure
Glass
Barriers/Setbacks
Curtain Walls
Access Control
Source: Wiedlinger Associates
Copyright: Engineering-News-Record
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Garvin/Civil Engineering/Columbia University
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Prepare
Tools
Models
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Learn
Mitigate
Manage
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Prepare
Tools
Learn
Technology
Mitigate
Manage
• Sensors
– Monitoring
– Control
• Information/Software Systems
– GIS
– Gaming/Simulation of Response Efforts
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Issues
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Target Rich Environment
Resource Constraints
Existing Assets vs. Proposed Assets
Independent Actors w/ Varying Objectives
Unexpected Consequences of Engineered Solutions
Predictions Are Often Wrong
Decisions Must Be Made
Skepticism of Models
Prescriptive Building Codes
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Some Questions
• Where Are Structural Solutions Appropriate?
• Where Will Capital Come From?
• What Can U.S. Learn from International
Community?
• What Can U.S. Learn from its Own Military?
– “Practicing” game theory to prepare and deploy
people & technology in high stake environment
in an open society for 225 years
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Some Questions
• What Can We Learn from the Artificial
Intelligence/Cognitive Sciences?
• How Do We Share Information/Data Pre &
Post Event? What Are the Liability/Security
Issues?
• How Should We Modify Building
Codes/Design Standards?
• How to Improve Response Efforts?
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Opportunities Abound
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Data Collection, Management & Utilization
System Characterizaton & Modeling
Institutional Change & Management
Valuation & Finance
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In the end, I was discouraged that the civil engineering
experts offered no fresh insight about the nation’s
infrastructure needs in response to the profound shifts
underway in our economy, technology, demographics, and
culture. There was no sign that they critically examined their
own fitness in terms of professional education and practice-now and in the future--to make this judgement at all. If
anything, civil engineering appears to be a dwindling star
among the pantheon of higher education engineering
specialties as many students turn away from its mechanical,
code-bound model of problem solving. So where will the
next generation of infrastructure visionaries come from?
Maybe from outside the profession entirely.
Nancy Connery
Commenting on ASCE’s 1998 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure
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