1) mutations
• A) occur randomly with respect to fitness
effects, but non-randomly in a biochemical
sense
• B) occur very rarely on a perorganism/generation basis
• C) can produce new alleles of existing genes,
but not new genes
• D) usually increase organism fitness
• E) all of the above
2) Chromosome inversions
• A) are not a type of mutation because the DNA
sequence is unchanged
• B) typically occur in bacteria and archea, but not
eukarya
• C) are selectively neutral, and evolve in a clocklike
manner
• D) prevent recombination among alleles of genes
within the inversion
• E) facilitate recombination among alleles of genes
within the inversion
3) Genetic variation in wild
populations is
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•
•
•
•
A) often measured as heterozygosity
B) often rather low
C) often due to synonymous substitutions
D) all of the above
E) just A and C above
4) A population of 50 diploid
individuals has 20 that are Aa, 20 that
are AA, and 10 that are aa. What is
the allele frequency of the a allele?
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•
•
•
•
A) 80%
B) 60%
C) 40%
D) 20%
E) 50%
5) The most common means of gene
duplication is
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•
•
•
A) a frame-shift
B) a knockout mutation
C) unequal crossover
D) polyploidy
E) inversion
6) Gene duplication is evolutionarily
important because
• A) it increases genome size, and larger
genomes are more advanced
• B) it allows different versions of a gene to
specialize in slightly different functions
• C) it shows genetic homology among related
groups of organisms
• D) it facilitates adaptation to different
conditions at different life stages
• E) all of the above except A