Appendices
Appendix 1. Characteristics of the 18 sites sorted by vegetation (Veg) type and elevation. Coordinates are expressed as northings (NS) and
eastings (EW) in the CH1903+ LV95 coordinate system. Values are means for each site. OM = organic matter.
Veg
type
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Short
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Tall
Elevation
(m)
1975
1980
2032
2079
2091
2133
2170
2181
2275
1981
1986
2060
2075
2112
2140
2162
2176
2299
Coordinates
NS
EW
814522 171877
814532 171889
810494 171939
810387 171873
814671 173216
814749 172837
816557 176744
816540 176734
814645 173128
814429 171926
814441 171954
810488 171968
813732 172958
810376 171843
814805 172868
816554 176772
816580 176716
814671 173216
Soil
C:N
ratio
24.581
26.444
15.675
15.293
30.834
26.666
16.565
26.622
20.975
25.283
21.626
15.513
23.554
14.493
33.332
30.832
20.988
14.292
Soil
OM
(%)
9.52
9.47
12.93
11.22
7.15
6.20
28.71
8.43
7.28
12.81
15.84
13.42
13.25
8.67
5.72
8.87
11.70
9.86
Soil
pH
7.70
7.69
7.74
7.28
7.50
7.81
6.59
7.18
7.10
7.60
7.60
7.63
7.60
7.12
7.84
7.40
7.40
6.33
Sand
(%)
55.4
58.2
48.2
44.6
82.4
40.4
57.5
60.8
46.0
56.0
53.4
48.2
59.2
39.5
60.4
53.6
49.8
49.8
Silt
(%)
39.4
36.6
38.6
39.0
17.6
49.2
37.7
37.0
31.6
34.4
37.2
39.6
37.6
32.7
36.2
41.0
41.0
28.6
Clay
(%)
5.2
5.2
13.2
16.4
0.0
10.4
4.8
2.2
22.4
9.6
9.4
12.2
3.2
27.8
3.4
5.4
9.2
21.6
Soil textural
class
sandy loam
sandy loam
loam
loam
loamy sand
loam
sandy loam
sandy loam
loam
sandy loam
sandy loam
loam
sandy loam
clay loam
sandy loam
sandy loam
loam
loam
Site
1
3
11
13
9
5
15
17
7
2
4
12
10
14
6
18
16
8
Appendix 2. Schematic of the layout of the exclosure matrices. The four inner plots were
randomly assigned for each network. Plot labels refer to which herbivore group(s) had access
to the respective plot. Inverts = invertebrates.
Appendix 3. Effect of the roof construction and invertebrates on nine ecosystem parameters. Additional exclosures were placed outside the
exclosure network at six locations for assessing the potential effects of the “None” exclosure on micro-climatic conditions. These exclosures were
constructed from the same material as the “None” exclosures, but with a 20 cm wide strip of the material used for the “Inv” plots along the bottom
of the eastern side (away from the prevailing weather front), allowing invertebrates to enter while still excluding anything larger (called “MCC”).
Consequently, the construction assured a comparable microclimate to the “None” exclosure, but allowed invertebrates to forage. For details on
exclosure construction see main text. Values represent mean (and SE) of data collected, while superscript letters represent statistically different
values based on repeated measures ANOVA within a mixed effects modelling framework followed by Tukey’s HSD (α = 0.05).
Plot name
Roofed
Herbivores present
Aboveground biomass (g m-2)
Max vegetation height (cm)
Mean vegetation height (cm)
Soil moisture (%)
Air humidity (%)
Air temperature (˚C)
Soil temperature (˚C)
PAR (μmol m-2 s-1)
UV (μmol m-2 s-1)
Inv
no
invertebrates
337.75 (30.54)b
32.95 (1.95)b
9.08 (0.62)b
34.30 (1.46)b
70.49 (0.72)a
11.08 (0.25)a
13.17 (0.27)a
903.16 (72.24)a
56.71 (4.13)a
MCC
yes
invertebrates
442.12 (49.99)b
31.53 (2.77)b
7.24 (0.58)b
31.36 (1.37)b
71.27 (0.82)a
10.94 (0.29)a
12.77 (0.27)ab
712.10 (57.21)ab
42.04 (3.03)b
None
yes
none
602.24 (50.05)a
47.39 (2.15)a
15.21 (0.90)a
36.42 (1.30)a
72.29 (0.49)a
10.85 (0.17)a
12.36 (0.25)b
611.70 (51.42)b
37.99 (3.10)b
F
12.46
19.06
33.28
4.64
2.26
0.27
3.54
6.62
8.49
p
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.010
0.123
0.762
0.030
0.002
<0.001
Appendix 4: Average number of ungulate pellet groups 100 m-2, number of marmots counted, and
average number of grasshoppers m-2 at each site in 2010.
Site
Vegetation type
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Short-grass
Tall-grass
Pellet
groups
(100 m-2)
12.4
8.3
12.1
10.1
11.9
8.5
8.9
10.6
4.4
9.4
13.2
21.0
15.0
13.6
6.9
6.5
14.2
5.6
Marmots
(site-1)
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
21.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
11.0
Grasshoppers
(m-2)
5.3
5.0
1.5
5.9
2.7
3.8
0.4
1.6
1.0
0.3
2.8
4.4
3.6
3.5
0.4
0.1
0.7
0.3