Energy
How much energy do we use?
Why does it matter?
What can we do about it?
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U.S. Share of World, 2005
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Energy Use
People in the US use, on average, six times the energy consumed by the
average of all other people in the world.
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Why does it matter?
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Energy Use
In the U.S. energy accounts for 80% of GHG emissions
in the U.S.
http://epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads10/US-GHG-Inventory-2010-Chapter-Trends.pdf
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Our future climate
Figure SPM.10
Temperature increase and cumulative carbon emissions
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All Figures © IPCC 2013
Our current path
Our future climate
Figure SPM.8a,b
All Figures © IPCC 2013
Our current path
Maps of CMIP5 multi-model mean results
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Projected Changes in Sea Level
“Without adaptation, a (sea-level) rise by 0.5 m
would displace 3.8 million people in the most fertile
part of the Nile River Delta. A rise by 2 m could
displace 187 million people globally.”
2 m rise in NYC – by 2100?
Willis and Church (Science, 2012)
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David Klein, 2015
What must we do?
1. AB32: California to reduce its GHG emissions to 1990 levels by
2020.
2. CA: Executive order to establish a California greenhouse gas
reduction target of 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.
3. Ultimate goal of
reducing emissions
80 percent under
1990 levels by 2050.
(Required to limit
temperature
increase to 2
degrees C.)
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Reduce our energy use
Electricity use:
Residential electricity use
averages 32 kWh/day per
household or 964 kWh/month.
In California it is 562
kWh/month.
In Los Angeles it is about 480
kWh/month.
Two-thirds from fossil fuels. Less
than 12% from renewables
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California’s
Electricity
Current California law
requires that 33% of
electricity comes from
renewable sources by 2020.
In October 2015, Governor
Brown signed SB 350,
which now sets a goal of
50% of CA utilities’ power
coming from renewable
energy by 2030.
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Your electricity use
Southern California Edison has installed “smart” (digital) meters for their
customers. Customers can see hourly, daily and monthly consumption online.
www.sce.com
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Your electricity use
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Your electricity use
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Your electricity use
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Your Electricity Use
LADWP is in the process of installing smart meters. Only a few households
have them. A consumption chart is available with the LADWP bill:
Multiply Average
daily kWh (Prev Yr)
by 30.4:
21 x 30.4
= 638 kWh/mth
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Units
Energy use: kWh
shower (hot water) = 4 kWh
gallon gasoline = 33.7 kWh
to make an aluminum can = 0.6 kWh
Energy = Power x Time
kWh = kW x hours
Wh = W x hours
1 kWh = 1000 Wh
Power: W
(Rate at which energy is generated or consumed)
1000 W (microwave) for one hour = 1 kWh of energy
3000 W (oven) for 20 mins = 1 kWh of energy
100 W (lightbulb) for 10 hours = 1 kWh of energy
1 Btu = 2.93E-04 kWh (or 3413 kWh = 1 Btu)
1 therm = 29.3 kWh
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My/Your Energy Consumption: Direct Emissions
Driving: 33.7 kWh/gallon gasoline
Electric car: 0.34 kWh/mile (Nissan Leaf), 0.36
kWh/mile (Volt)
Bus: ~ 0.5 kWh/mile per passenger
Flying: ~ 1 kWh/mile per passenger
Electricity: $1/day supplies 8 kWh/day
Gas: $1/day supplies 30 kWh/day
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Your Energy Consumption
Driving:
Flying:
Electricity:
Gas:
Total:
Note 1 kWh/day of energy use is the same as running one 40W light
bulb continuously.
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My Energy Consumption
Driving: 37 kWh/day for 50 miles/day (45 mpg car)
Flying: 27 kWh/day for 10,000 miles/year
Electricity: 8 kWh/day  2
Gas: 30 kWh/day  2
Total: 83 kWh/day
Indirect emissions are likely to be 1 – 3 x direct emissions.
(Water delivery and treatment, food, manufacture of house, vehicle +
services)
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Residential Energy Consumption (avg. US)
Driving: 43.9 kWh/day per person
Bus: 0.4 kWh/day/person
Train: 0.02 kWh/day/person
Flying: 5.5 kWh/day per person
Gas: 0.44 therms/day (or 12.9 kWh/day per person)
Other heating: 3.2 kWh/day per person
Total: 66 kWh/day per person of direct fuel use
Electricity: 12.4 kWh/day per person
Total: 78.5 kWh/day per person
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Use Kill-a-watt meter to measure power demand of various
devices in your home.
Home energy use
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Electricity Cost
The price of electricity varies by roughly a factor or two
across the contiguous United States, but averages
around 12¢/kWh.
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Where Does Your Energy Go?
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Where Does Your Energy Go?
www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/reports/2009/state_briefs/pdf/ca.pdf
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Top 10 Energy Using Appliances In Your Home
Item
Central Air Conditioner
Room Air
Conditioner
Pool Pumps
Clothes Washer &
Dryer
Refrigerator
Usage
4 hours/day
8 hours/day
5 hours/day
34 loads/month
30 days/month
Cost/Month
$60.48
$38.40
$30.00
$25.10
$16.46
Ways to
Reduce
Your Cost
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Set thermostat at 78° in summer and 68° in
winter, turn off when not at home
Clean or replace filters and clean condensing coils
frequently
Use a whole house fan to ventilate trapped heat
Avoid using heat-producing appliances (i.e. range,
dishwasher, oven) during the warmest times of
the day
Close draperies and window shades to block heat
Open windows and doors at night to ventilate
heat
Use a timer to run
pump no more
than 4 to 5 hours
per day during
summer and 2 to 3
hours per day
during winter
Use during off-peak
hours
Use a variable
speed pool pump
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Wash full loads only
Consider replacing
an old model washer
with a new energyand-water-saving
unit
Dry full loads and do
not over dry
Clean lint filter
before each load
Line dry when
possible
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Clean coils
regularly,
especially during
the summer
Maintain airtight
door seals
If you have an
older model,
consider recycling
it and purchasing a
new Energy Star®
model
Item
Portable Heater
Plasma TV
Freezer
Dishwasher
Microwave
Usage
3 hours/day
8 hours/day
30 days/month
16 cycles/month
18 hours/month
Cost/Month
$14.40
$9.60
$6.75
$5.74
$5.40
Ways to
Reduce
Your Cost
•
•
•
•
•
•
Turn off when you
leave the room
Unplug when not in
use, and at bedtime
•
Choose an Energy
Star® rated LCD TV –
they use less energy
than plasma TVs
Turn off when you
leave the room
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Defrost manual
freezer regularly
•
Wash only full
loads
Air dry dishes
when possible
•
Use an Energy
Star® rated model
Use as alternative
to oven or range
Home Energy Saver Online Tool
Computerized Energy Audit – A powerful tool
http://homeenergysaver.lbl.gov/consumer/
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Air Conditioning
Air conditioner equipment power in the U.S. is
described in terms of "tons of refrigeration".
= cooling power of 1 ton (2,000 pounds) of ice
melting in a 24-hour period
1 ton AC = 12,000 BTU per hour, or 3517 watts
Residential central air systems are usually from 1
to 5 tons (3 to 20 kW).
Air conditioners should be sized properly to avoid
wasting energy by cycling too often.
Rule of thumb: One ton per 700-1200 sq ft of floor space
(700 for home with avg. air tightness, R-values etc.)
(1200 for high R-values, sun-blocking features etc.)
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Air Conditioning
In the US, the efficiency of air conditioners is rated by the seasonal energy efficiency
ratio (SEER). The higher the SEER rating, the more energy efficient.
SEER rating = BTU of cooling output during normal annual usage divided by the total
electric energy input in Wh during the same period.
SEER = BTU/Wh = (BTU / h) ÷ W, where "W" is the average electrical power in Watts,
and (BTU/h) is the rated cooling power.
e.g.) A 1-ton AC unit (12000 BTU/h), with a
SEER of 12, consumes 12000/12 = 1000 Watts
of power on average.
Assuming 1000 hours of operation during a
typical cooling season (i.e., 8 hours per day for
125 days per year), the energy consumed =
1000 W × 1000 h = 1,000,000 Wh = 1,000 kWh
New SEER standard is 13.
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Lighting
Efficiencies:
Incandescent: 10% efficient (90% of energy is lost as heat)
CFLs: About 75% more efficient
LEDs: 85-90% more efficient
Payback:
CFLs: less than one year
LEDs: about 3 years
CFL
LEDs
Lifetime savings:
CFLs: $45 (9 years)
LEDs: $150 (25 years)
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Energy Efficient Product Rebates
Eligibility Requirements
• Must be an LADWP residential customer
with an active electric account.
• Qualified purchase(s) must be made
between June 1, 2015 and May 31, 2016.
How To Shop and Apply for a Rebate
• Prior to making your purchase, go to
Efficient Product Marketplace
ladwp.enervee.com to verify product
eligibility and provide your email address
• Purchase eligible product(s)
• Submit your receipt
• Receive a prepaid LADWP gift card
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Home Energy Improvement Program
This program is free to LADWP customers.
https://www.ladwp.com/ladwp/faces/ladwp/residential/r-savemoney/r-smrebatesandprograms/r-sm-rp-homeenergyimprovementprogram
An assessment of your home will be performed by trained technicians to
identify the most appropriate and effective improvements. Energy
improvement work is performed for free.
Work is performed on a first come first served basis, and there is currently a
waitlist for this program. Apply ASAP to reserve a spot in line!
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Refrigerator Exchange Program
Older model refrigerators are replaced with new, energysaving, ENERGY STAR® rated refrigerators, FREE of charge.
To qualify, the refrigerator must be:
• Located in the LADWP service territory
• Owned by the recipient or organization
• At least 10 years old
• A minimum of 14 cubic feet (cu. ft.)
• In working condition
• Used as the primary unit – not in
storage (must be located in the kitchen
for residential customers)
• Plugged into a properly grounded
outlet with a 3-prong plug
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Refrigerator Exchange Program
Income-Qualified Customers
(Homeowner or Tenant Owns
Refrigerator)
•Participant in the Low Income
Discount Program
•Participant in the
Lifeline Rate Program
Multi-Residential or Non-Profit
Customers
(Property Owner or Organization
owns Refrigerator)
# of people in
household
•A Multi-Residential or Mobile Home
Community
•An Educational Institution
•A Civic Organization
•A Community Organization
•A Faith-Based Organization
1-2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Total yearly household
income not more than
$31,860
$40,180
$48,500
$56,820
$65,140
$73,460
$81,780
LADWP Rebates: Appliances
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LADWP Rebates: Heating/Cooling
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How to get FREE Trees
City of Los Angeles residents can get up to 7 free shade trees delivered to
their doors.
Businesses can request shade trees too and may be eligible to receive even
larger quantities.
City Plants also holds tree giveaway events around the City where residents
can learn about and pick up a free fruit or shade tree.
Additionally, if you agree to water parkway trees
in front of your home or business, City Plants
will do the planting work for you at no charge!
Visit www.cityplants.org or
call (213) 473-9950 to get FREE trees.
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Thank you!
Questions?
Helen Cox, Director
Institute for Sustainability, CSUN
helen.m.cox@csun.edu
www.csun.edu/sustainability
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