ONR FY16 CDEW Program Review
April 26-28, 2016
Distribution Statement: A
Wave Chaos for CDE Applications
Thomas M. Antonsen Jr.
301-405-1635
antonsen@umd.edu
4/26/2016
–1
Program Vision
a)
b)
Develop ability to predict
spatial and temporal
distribution of EM energy in
complex environments
• Assess risk of EM
•
•
•
•
interference
Improve electronics designs
Direct energy in complicated
environments
Detect changes in
environments
Send secure signals
Simple cavity with a) chaotic and b)
regular trajectories and associated
eigenmodes
Distribution (see cover slide)
2
Wave Chaos Studies for CDE/UMD/ T. Antonsen
Objective/Description
Apply wave chaos concepts to predict and
control the distribution of HPM in enclosed
spaces
Payoffs/Key Technologies
Protect electronics, send secure signals,
direct energy.
–Nonlinear reconstruction at nonlinear element
Schedule/Milestones
FY14 – Complete RCM, nonlinear time
reversal on graphs ,
FY15 – Transition models to NRL
FY16 – Develop procedure for melding
CEM and RCM
POC
T. M. Antonsen Jr, S. Anlage, E. Ott, J. Rodgers
Students: B. Addissie, B. Xiao, A. Farasatul,
T.Koch, J-H Yeh, B. Taddesse
Collaborator: G. Gradoni (U. Nottingham)
Institutional Financial POCs: J. Gorski, J. Fields
Maryland Team -Faculty
• Wave
Chaos and
EMC (ONR,
AFOSR)
• Electronic
Devices
Steve Anlage
Tom Antonsen
Neil Goldsman
John Rodgers
Edo Waks
(AFOSR)
• OpteoElectronics
(ONR, AFOSR)
Ed Ott
NRL,
UMD
Students and Post-docs
• Present Students
Wave Chaos (ONR)
• Recent Post-docs
Bo Xiao
Trystan Koch
Faranstul Adnan
KeMa
Bisrat Addissie
Gabriele Gradoni,
U. Nottingham, UK
Min Zhou
Alan Liu
Ziyuan Fu
Program Recognition
/ Accomplishment
Program
Performer/
Organization
Scorecard for FY 2015
Researcher
Description of Award / Recognition
Antonsen,
Thomas
2016 IEEE John R. Pierce Award for
excellence in vacuum electronics
Gradoni,
Gabriele
Elected international Early Career
Representative (ECR) of Commission E,
URSI, for the triennium 2014-2017
Gradoni,
Secured faculty position at University of
Gabriele
Nottingham
Total # for Program
Conference Papers
2
Journal Articles
2
Students Supported
3
Degrees Granted
0
Patents Awarded
0Distribution (see cover slide)
6
UMD
Wave
/ HPM
Efforts
Improved
FWChaos
High Lift
Aerodynamics
FY13
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
FY19
FY20
FY21
Wave Chaos Studies for CDE
Applications
HPM Resistant Optical Interconnects for
Robust Integrated Electronics (Waks)
ONR
HPM Effects: Electromagnetic Coupling
to Enclosures (Anlage)
STTR w XL Corp
AFOSR Center of Excellence with UNM
Telecom Italia travel
Coming Soon
Joint Program with University of Nottingham
Propagating electromagnetic signals
through complex built-up structures –
Resilience of electronic components in the
presence of EM noise and environmental
uncertainty
2015 Progress
•
•
•
•
Statistics of Voltages on Networks
Departures from RCM Theory
Measuring RCM parameters
Irradiation of Cavities through Apertures
Distribution (see cover slide)
8
What is Wave Chaos?
– Wave propagation- linear phenomena
–(response is linearly proportional to
excitation)
– Therefore - not chaotic
– In complex geometries field distribution are
highly sensitive to: frequency and/or small
perturbations
– Classical rays are chaotic-this affects the field
solutions
– Statistical Properties Governed by Random
Matrix Theory (RMT)
–Two incident rays with slightly
different initial directions have rapidly
diverging trajectories
Statistical Model of Z Matrix
The Random Coupling Model
Port 1
Losses
Other ports
–Statistical Model Impedance
Dw n2 win win
Zij (w ) = - å R (w n )R (w n ) 2
p n
w (1 + jQ -1 ) - w n2
j
1/2
Ri
1/2
Rj
RR1(w)
Radiation Resistance RRi(w)
Port 2
RR2(w)
System
parameters
Dw 2- mean spectral spacing
Q -quality factor
Port 1
Free-space radiation
Resistance RR(w)
ZR(w) = RR(w)+jXR (w)
Statistical
parameters
wn - random spectrum
win- Guassian Random variables
Statistics of Fields in Circuits
Quantum Graphs
Random Matrix Theory
O. Hul, et al., Phys. Rev. E 69, 056205
(2004). “Experimental simulation of
quantum graphs by microwave networks”
Electromagnetic Topology
BLT Equations
J.-P. Parmantier, IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat.
46 (3) 359-367 (2004). “Numerical coupling models
for complex systems and results”
Distribution of electromagnetic wave energy
on networks, Tystan Koch and Ziyuan Fu
Alternate Spacing Statistics
s = difference in
adjacent
frequencies
P(s) » s p
Ensembles
p=0
p=1
p=2
p=3
Poisson
Gaussian Orthogonal
Gaussian Unitary
Gaussian Symplectic
Departures from RCM
1. Low Frequency: UG Student Alan Liu is
measuring uniformity in phase of reflection
coefficient.
2. Mixed Systems: Students Ke Ma and Bisrat
Addissie are studying systems with both chaotic and
nonchaotic orbits.
3. Direct orbits: Short orbits from transmitter to
receiver studied by Bisratt Addissie
Lab Scale Measurements
Port 1
connected to
radiating helical
Antenna
2 Port Vector
Network
Analyzer
–Cylindrical
Enclosure with
scattering
aluminum sheet
suspended in the
center, attached
to a rotating rod
–Port 2
connected to
circuit board
loop trace
antenna
Statistics of fields in systems with both
regular and chaotic ray trajectories
Mixed Systems-phase space
–boundary composed of four arcs
–cos q
–cos q
–s
–trajectory coordinates – s, cosq
–Interlace
d regular
and
chaotic
regions,
generic
–s – cosq
–sphase space
–Currently
investigating
properties of
impedance
Mushroom Mixed System
–Trajectories and
eigenfunctions
–Chaotic and regular regions of
phase space well separated. Not
generic.
–Statistics of impedance: mixture of
regular and chaotic eigenfunction
responses.
Experimental Effort
Quasi – 2D cavity
Short Orbit Modified RCM
J. Hart et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW E 80, 041109 (2009)
Port
1 Bounce
2 Bounce
–Direct orbits lead to Rician Statistics
In terms of S21
–Weak Direct
Coupling
–Strong Direct
Coupling
–Source: C. L. Holloway, D. A. Hill, J. M. Ladbury, P. F. Wilson, G. Koepke and J. Coder, "On the Use of Reverberation Chambers to
Simulate a Rician Radio Environment for the Testing of Wireless Devices," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.
54, no. 11, pp. 3167-3177, Nov. 2006.
Lab Scale Measurements
Port 1
connected to
radiating helical
Antenna
2 Port Vector
Network
Analyzer
–Cylindrical
Enclosure with
scattering
aluminum sheet
suspended in the
center, attached
to a rotating rod
–Port 2
connected to
circuit board
loop trace
antenna
Time Gating Method (TGM) –
Determining Alpha
Distribution (see cover slide)
28
Distribution (see cover slide)
29
Distribution (see cover slide)
30
Distribution (see cover slide)
31
Distribution (see cover slide)
32
Best Fit Method
• Alternative method is to compare pdf of ξ and
measured normalized impedance
– Find α that minimizes the Mean Squared Error =
mean((PDFR – PDFRe{ ξ (α)})2)
• Example
Port
Copper
Loop
αWeyl =
k3V/(2π2
Q)
24.6
Best Fit Min(MSE)
α
23.7
7.7E-4
Statistics of voltages on circuit elements in
cavities irradiated through apertures
Aperture
“Complicated”
cavity
Power enters cavity
through aperture,
Incident Wave
Antenna
Distributes itself
throughout,
Induces voltage on the
terminals of an antenna.
What can one say without solving the full problem computationally?
–Statement of Random Coupling Model (RCM)
–Cavity admittance:
Y
cav
= i Im (Y
rad
) + éëRe (Y rad )ùû × x × éëRe (Y rad )ùû
1/2
1/2
Y cav
–Universal part: random normalized admittance
–System specific part:
–un-backed aperture admittance
–conductor
–Find admittance matrix describing z>0.
E t = åVs es (x^ )
–Maxwell’s
–equations
s
Ht = -å I s n ´ e s (x ^ )
s
rad
ss¢
Y
e
(k0 = w / c) =
m
–z
ò
I s = åYsrad
(k0 ) Vs¢
s¢
s¢
d 3k 2ik0
es × D 2 × es¢
(2p )3 k02 - k 2
35
Power Through a Rectangular Aperture
–Aperture resonances
–Net power transmitted by an aperture A = 0.25 m by 0.02 m in free space, for an external
plane wave of hinc = 1 mA/m. ( I cosq A = 0.66 x 10-6 W)
Power Coupled to a Cavity
Moderate
Loss
Low
Loss
–Frequency
Terminal power in the Gigabox
Z. Drikas, J. Gil Gil (NRL), G. Gradoni
–1.27
m.
–1.22
m.
–0.65
m.
–25
cm.
–θ
PT,ant ~ 16 –dBm
PLq ,j =
–2
cm.
PL ( pos, freq)
–φ
90
–φ
j=
p
4
-80
120
60
–[dBW]-60
-40
150
30
-20
180
–-θ
q =0
-
p
4
£j £
p
0
–~1.2 – 1.7dB diff
j =-
p
4
210
330
RCM –theory
Experiments
240
300
270
4
pos
freq
Combining RCM with Computational EM
w/Zhen Peng UNM still underway
S
Y
<
Y
>
Must choose a surface
where matching of
three solutions can be
made.
z
ki
RCM Prescription
Transition Details
• Future Transitions
– Procedures to measure RCM parameters can be
transferred to NRL and other DoD labs. Will allow for
characterization of structures with unknown
contents/dimensions (1 year for B. Addissie to complete
PhD.)
– Combining RCM with CEM (Zhen Peng UNM) will provide
a tool for computing system specific parameters for RCM
(2-3 years) CEM Tool transitioned to NRL and DoD users.
• NRL: TEW group, Jesus Gil, Zack Drikas, T. Andreadis
• John Rodgers now at
NRL
Distribution (see cover slide)
40
Proposed Efforts FY17 and
Beyond
–New Ideas / Opportunities
• See next presentation by S. Anlage
Distribution (see cover slide)
41
Upcoming Major Activities
• AFOSR Center of Excellence: Science of Electronics in Extreme
Environments
• UNM/UMD collaboration
– Field Coupling
– Circuits
– Devices
– First Year Review, June 15, 2016 College Park, MD
• Joint Program with U. Nottingham DEA and RCM
• STTR with XL corporation
• NSF proposal with Zhen Peng
Distribution (see cover slide)
42
Papers
A Statistical Model for the Excitation of Cavities Through Apertures
By:Gradoni, G ; Antonsen, TM; Anlage, SM ; Ott, E , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC
COMPATIBILITY, Volume: 57 Issue: 5 Pages: 1049-1061, DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2015.2421346, Published: OCT
2015
Random coupling model for the radiation of irregular apertures
By:Gradoni, G ; Antonsen, TM ; Ott, E , RADIO SCIENCE, Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Pages: 678-687, DOI:
10.1002/2014RS005577, Published: JUL 2015
•
Distribution (see cover slide)
43
Conference Proceedings &
Presentations
•
•
•
•
1) Gradoni, G.; Antonsen, T.M.; Anlage, S.M.; Ott, E., "Random Coupling Model for interconnected wireless
environments," Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no.,
pp.792,797, 4-8 Aug. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ISEMC.2014.6899076
2) Gradoni, G.; Antonsen, T.M.; Anlage, S.M.; Ott, E., "Random Coupling Model for wireless communication
systems," Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM), 2014 United States National Committee of URSI
National , vol., no., pp.1,1, 8-11 Jan. 2014
3) Gradoni, G.; Xiaoming Chen; Antonsen, T.M.; Anlage, S.M.; Ott, E., "Random coupling model for wireless
communication channels," Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe), 2014 International Symposium
on , vol., no., pp.878,882, 1-4 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/EMCEurope.2014.6931027 doi:
10.1109/ISEMC.2014.6899076
Conference presentations
Antonsen, Gradoni, Anlage, and Ott, Statistical model for coupling EM energy through apertures,
AMERAEM 2014, Albuquerque NM.
Distribution (see cover slide)
44
Program Success Stories
• Collaboration with TEW group at NRL
• Graduated PH D Students
– Jen Hao Yeh
– Bini Tadesse Intel
Laboratory for Physical Sciences
Distribution (see cover slide)
45
Status Update on FY16 Funding
• Grant funds were exhausted on 2/29/16
Distribution (see cover slide)
46
Back-up
To be filled in but not presented
–4
7