John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
John M. Scavelli
The Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering
Mechanical Option
Master of Architectural Engineering
Bachelor of Architectural Engineering
Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
John M. Scavelli
The Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering
Mechanical Option
Master of Architectural Engineering
Bachelor of Architectural Engineering
Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
John M. Scavelli
The Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering
Mechanical Option
Master of Architectural Engineering
Bachelor of Architectural Engineering
Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
John M. Scavelli
The Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering
Mechanical Option
Master of Architectural Engineering
Bachelor of Architectural Engineering
Thesis Advisor: Dr. William Bahnfleth
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
NYPA
Manhattan
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Occupant: New York Police Department
Architect: Perkins + Will
Site Size: 2,400,000 SF
Building Size: 840,400 SF
Overall Cost: $656,000,000
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
East Campus: Academic/Office Space
375,405 SF
West Campus: Physical Fitness/ Central Plant
465,000 SF
Architecture: Modern w/ Strong Geometric
Forms
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Turner Construction Company and STV Inc. will lead as joint
General Contractors.
New York Department of Design and Construction will be
responsible for overseeing the progression of the project.
Structural Engineers : Robert Silman Associates
Steel Super Structure
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Electrical Engineers: WSP Flack + Kurtz
460/265V 3-Phase High Voltage system stepped down to
120/208 V 3-Phase Low Voltage System
Mechanical Engineers: WSP Flack + Kurtz
Centralized Heating and Cooling Plant System
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Ventilation Needs
 63 Air Handling Units-3,000-30,000 CFM
18-Central Plant
26-West Campus
19-East Campus
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
West Campus
East Campus
Central Plant-Heating and Cooling
6- 1350 Ton Electric Centrifugal Chillers
2 Installed for future expansion
6- Induced Draft Cooling Towers
Central Plant
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
3 Installed for future expansion
5-25110 MBH Natural Gas Water Tube Boilers
2 Installed for Future expansion
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Ventilation Needs
 63 Air Handling Units-3,000-30,000 CFM
18-Central Plant
26-West Campus
19-East Campus
Central Plant-Heating and Cooling
6- 1350 Ton Electric Centrifugal Chillers
2 Installed for future expansion
6- Induced Draft Cooling Towers
3 Installed for future expansion
5-25110 MBH Natural Gas Water Tube Boilers
2 Installed for Future expansion
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Ventilation Needs
 63 Air Handling Units-3,000-30,000 CFM
18-Central Plant
26-West Campus
19-East Campus
Central Plant-Heating and Cooling
6- 1350 Ton Electric Centrifugal Chillers
2 Installed for future expansion
6- Induced Draft Cooling Towers
3 Installed for future expansion
5-25110 MBH Natural Gas Water Tube Boilers
2 Installed for Future expansion
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Station
Latitude
Longitude
Elevation
Heating
DB
(99.6%)
Cooling
DB
0.4%
Cooling
MCWB
0.4%
Evaporation
WB
0.4%
Evaporation
MCDB
0.4%
Dehumid.
DP
0.4%
Dehumid
HR
0.4%
Dehumid
MCDB
0.4%
New York,
LaGuardia
Aprt
40.78N
73.88W
30
12.6
92.2
74.4
77.2
87.2
74.3
185.5
81.0
Cooling Load
Heating Load
Tons
1235.5
-
ft2/ton
303.84
-
MBh
14826.4
-10,104.2
Btu/hr ft2
39.49
-26.92
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
 The East Campus was chosen as the specific building of
study.
East and West Campus essentially two separate
buildings
375,405 SF
TRANE Trace 700 Used
Location: LaGuardia Airport (1.6 miles from NYPA)
Block Load Analysis
52 Zones
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Source
Primary Heating
Primary Cooling
Auxiliary
Lighting
Receptacle
Totals
Primary Heating
Natural Gas Boilers
Electricity Consumption [kWh]
10,945 (does not include gas consumption)
1,745,320
103,668
2,986,304
839,635
5,685,782
Natural Gas Consumption[kBtu]
5,530,679
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
 The East Campus was chosen as the specific building of
study.
East and West Campus essentially two separate
buildings
375,405 SF
TRANE Trace 700 Used
Location: LaGuardia Airport (1.6 miles from NYPA)
Block Load Analysis
52 Zones
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Energy Cost
Energy Consumption
Building Size (East
Utility Price/ ft 2 • yr
Campus Only)
$.1611 /kW h
5,634,061 kW h/yr
375,405 ft 2
$2.507 / ft 2 • yr
$11.858/1000 ft 3 NG
5,530,679 kBtu/yr
375,405 ft 2
$.1699/ ft 2 • yr
 The East Campus was chosen as the specific building of
study.
East and West Campus essentially two separate
buildings
375,405 SF
Total Utility Cost: $2.677/ ft2 • yr
Annual Cost: $1,004,921/yr
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
TRANE Trace 700 Used
Location: LaGuardia Airport (1.6 miles from NYPA)
Block Load Analysis
52 Zones
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Reduce Size of Central Plant yet keep ability for future expansion
for West Campus.
East Campus will not be expanded upon.
System Schematics
High Electricity Costs in New York
Reduce Energy Consumption
Therefore, reduce utility costs and emissions
Energy Modeling
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Utility Cost Comparison
New Construction Project
Large enough site for well field
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
Calculated using ASHRAE’s Handbook: HVAC Applications
(Chapter 32)
Largest length required would be for cooling: 299,183 ft.
Cost Optimization of Loop Size( will be discussed under CM Breadth)
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Yearly Electricity Consumption [kWh]
System
Primary Heating
Primary Cooling
Auxiliary
Lighting
Receptacle
Totals
Primary Heating
Natural Gas
Boilers
CP
10,945*
1,745,320
103,668
2,986,304
839,635
5,685,782
GSHP
421,204
833,324
96,049
2,986,304
839,635
5,176,517
Natural Gas Consumption [kBtu]
GSHP System
Central Plant
GSHP System
5,530,679
0
Δ
-410,259
911,996
7,619
0
0
509,265
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Δ
5,530,679
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Energy Cost
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
CP
$.1611 /kW h
5,685,782 kW h/yr
3
$11.858/1000 ft NG
5,530,679 kBtu/yr
Justification
Utility Price/ ft 2 • yr
Energy Consumption
GSH P
CP
GSH P
5,176,517 kW h/yr
$2.507 / ft • yr
$2.221/ ft 2 • yr
0
$.1699/ ft • yr
0
Total Utility Cost:
$2.677/ ft 2 • yr
$2.221/ ft 2 • yr
Annual Cost:
$1,004,921/yr
$833,774
2
2
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
17% Annual Utility Savings
Electricity + Natural Gas
Annual Savings: $171,147
Utility Cost Comparison
Life Cycle Analysis
will be evaluated after
construction (first) costs are
established
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Energy Cost
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
CP
$.1611 /kW h
5,685,782 kW h/yr
3
$11.858/1000 ft NG
5,530,679 kBtu/yr
Mechanical Option
GSH P
CP
GSH P
5,176,517 kW h/yr
$2.507 / ft • yr
$2.221/ ft 2 • yr
0
$.1699/ ft • yr
0
Total Utility Cost:
$2.677/ ft 2 • yr
$2.221/ ft 2 • yr
Annual Cost:
$1,004,921/yr
$833,774
2
2
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Energy Modeling
17% Annual Utility Savings
Electricity + Natural Gas
Annual Savings: $171,147
$
$
John M. Scavelli
Justification
Utility Price/ ft 2 • yr
Energy Consumption
$
Utility Cost Comparison
Life Cycle Analysis
will be evaluated after
construction (first) costs are
established
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Total Number of Panels
Total SF of Photovoltaics
Basic Array Information
1368 Panels
19,290Ft 2
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Array Size
System Characteristics
Each of the Arrays
(456 Panels)
Voltage [Volts]
434
Current [amps]
194.4
Power [kW]
84.36
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Energy Production Information
Solar System Capacity
193.89kW
Annual Electrical Production
237,612 kWh
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
5% of Electricity
0.2% Increase in Cost
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Construction Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Construction Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Construction Cost
Provides over 100% of Heating Load
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Construction Cost
Unused Capacity
Provides over 100% of Heating Load
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Under Capacity
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Construction Cost
Optimum Cost
Unused Capacity
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Under Capacity
Supplement with/ Cooling Tower
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Construction Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Length Optimization
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Construction Cost
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Yearly Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System
 Life Cycle Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV
System
Pros vs. Cons
Final Recommendations
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Yearly Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System
 Life Cycle Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV
System
Pros vs. Cons
Final Recommendations
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Yearly Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System
 Life Cycle Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV
System
Pros vs. Cons
Final Recommendations
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Sustainable
Landmark
Building
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
Reduced
Utility Costs
Reduced
Emissions
Pros
Eliminate
Natural Gas
Consumption
Ground Temp
Increase
Increase in
First Costs
Decrease
Electricity
Demand
Yearly Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV System
Construction
Difficulty
Cons
 Final Recommendations
GSHP Implementation: Affirmative
 Life Cycle Cost Analysis: GSHP + PV
System
Pros vs. Cons
Final Recommendations
Photovoltaic Implementation: Affirmative
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Well Field Layout
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Justification
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
System Schematics
Ground Source Heat Pump Loop Sizing
Well Field Layout
Energy Modeling
Utility Cost Comparison
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
214 Wells
Depth 350’
Two Loops per well
Row
1
2
3
Manifold 1 Total:
4
5
6
Manifold 2 Total:
7
8
9
10
Manifold 3 Total:
Well Field Layout
# of Wells
20
20
20
60
22
22
22
66
22
22
22
22
88
Capacity
9.3%
9.3%
9.3%
28%
10.3%
10.3%
10.3%
31%
10.3%
10.3%
10.3%
10.3%
41%
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Sharp NU Series 185 W Panels
Economic Analysis
Solion SunMount System
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
0 meters
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
5 meters
Mechanical Option
30 meters
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
10 meters
John M. Scavelli
20 meters
0 meters
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student
Array Placement
Presentation Outline
 Introduction
Location, Statistics, General Information
 Actual Mechanical Design
System, Loads, Utility Costs
 Alternative Design
Mechanical Depth: GSHP
Electrical Breadth: PV Array
Construction Breadth: Cost Analysis
 The Final Analysis
Integration of Depths & Breadths
Final Recommendation
John M. Scavelli
Mechanical Option
The Pennsylvania State University: Department of Architectural Engineering
Senior Thesis 2010-2011
Array Size
Panel Chosen, Mounting System Chosen
Electrical Characteristics
Strings, Inverter, Switchgear
Economic Analysis
Master/Bachelor of Architectural Engineering Student