The Centre Court Apartments
Structural Engineering - Senior Thesis
Natural-LocalEnvironmentally Enhancing
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartments
7 Levels High – 67.5 FT
50 Apartments - 195000 SF
2 Levels of Parking Garage - 23000 SF
Commercial Space - 5887 SF
Total Square Footage – 101,900 SF
Total Cost - $ 13,610,201.76
Design-Bid-Build
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartments
•141 S. Garner Street
•Zoning District C
•One Block From Campus
•Fall ‘06 Rent: $550/ resident
•Fall ‘08 Rent: $670/ resident
•4 Residents/ Apartment
•50 Apartments (10/ Floor)
•Total apartment revenue: $134,000 / Month
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartments
•Stucco Façade
•Dryvit - EIFS
•Exterior Insulation & Finishing System
•Façade Cavities
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartment
Team mates
Owner: HFL Cooperation
Architect : Frederic J. Fernsler , AIA
Structural Engineer: Jesse Smith
General Contractor: L. S. Fiore
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartment
STRUCTURE
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartment
STRUCTURE
Concrete Masonry Units
•Load Bearing & Lateral Resisting
•8” & 10”
• Dur-O-Wal Horizontal Reinforcement
Hollow Core Slabs
•8”
•3-”5” Thick Top Cover
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
The Centre Court Apartment
STRUCTURE
Beams
•W 12 X 26 & W 14 X 43
Columns
•W 14 X 90
•20” X 24” Concrete Column in Garage Level
Foundation
• 6’ X 8’
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectu
ral
Adaptation
s
Philosophy
Reduce Environmental Emissions
Improve IEQ
Reduce Raw Material Impact
•Concrete Limestone Mining
www.roamingtimes.com
•CO2 Off Gas of Lime Production
www.levelwithus.com
www.the-stone-company.co.uk
•Poor Foresting Clear Cuts
•2700 F to produce Portland Cement
•3100 F Required for Virgin & Recycled Steel
Structural
Depth
www.burchmfg.com
Centre Court Apartments
www.thehindubusinessline.com/nic/steel/steel.jpg
Building
Supply Locally
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
www.sacredredwood.org
•Erosion Potential of a World Without Old Growth
Report
Philosophy
Architectu
ral
Adaptation
s
Benefits
Concerns
•Converts Calcium Hydroxide in mix
to usable Calcium Silicate Hydrate
Class F Pozzolans
•Reduced Water Demand
•Increased Workability
Material
used to build
the
Parthenon
•Decreased Permeability
•Reduced Heat of Hydration
Structural
Depth
Building
•Less Thermal Cracking Due to
Extended Plastic Stage
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Direct
Replacement
of Portland
Cement
Known as
High
Performance
Concrete
•Increased set times
•Deicing Salts
•LOI Eats Air Entrain Add Mixtures
•Reduced Heat of Hydration
•Test Batches
Report
Philosophy
Architectu
ral
Adaptation
s
Structural
Depth
Building
Benefits
•Can Bear Load
•Strong Seismic Characteristics
•Entire Wall System
•Thermal - R-30
Straw Bale
100 Years Old
Concerns
Current US Codes
Began in
Nebraska
10 counties
6 cities
•Fire - 2 Hr
•Acoustics - STC 55
•Aesthetics
2 States
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
•Moisture !
•Reliable Documentation
Report
Philosophy
Architectural Adaptations
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Exterior Enclosures & Fire Walls
Typical Apartment Floor
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
www.ecobuildnetwork.org
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Report
Philosophy
Architectural Adaptations
Architectur
al
Adaptations
HVAC & Plumbing Adjustments
Structural
Depth
Precautionary Sprinkler System
Building
Enclosure
Typical Apartment Floor
Duct Free Split System
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Report
Philosophy
Low Level Parking Garage
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Architectural Adaptations
High Level Parking Garage
Parking Grid Layout
Original Required Parking – 133
Redesign Required Parking – 134
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Report
Philosophy
Low Level Parking Garage
Architectural Adaptations
Architectur
al
Adaptations
High Level Parking Garage
Living Walls
www.motherplants.net
www.remarc.com
Storm Water
Retention
System - Zurn
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
www.plantsoftherocks.com
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Report
Philosophy
Low Level Parking Garage
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Fly Ash in the
Centre Court Apartments
•LOI % for High Content
•Electrostatic Separation
•Separations Technology
•Low Heat of Hydration
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Structure
•Mix Designs
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy Sample Fly Ash Mix Designs
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Structure
Fly Ash in the
Centre Court Apartments
•LOI % for High Content
•Electrostatic Separation
•Separations Technology
•Low Heat of Hydration
•Mix Designs
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Loading
•Wind Base Shear:
•N/S - 288 Kips
•E/W - 51 Kips
•Seismic Base Shear: 195.17 Kips
Structure
Concrete Frame
•Ease of Construction
•Typical Spans
•Drop Panels
•Uniform Column Sizes
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Typical Apartment Floor
Structural Plan
Structure
Concrete Frame
•Ease of Construction
•Typical Spans
•Drop Panels
•Uniform Column Sizes
•7.5” Two Way Flat Plate Slab W/ Drop
•Extensions
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Typical Apartment Bay
Structural Plan
Report
Philosophy
Structure
Transfer Beam
Architectur
al
Adaptations
•5 Levels Above
Structural
Depth
•No Long Term Deflections
Building
Enclosure
•Compression Effects of M+ Steel Carried To Support
•No Deep Beam Characteristics
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Typical Garage Structural Plan
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Shear Wall Layout
Structure
ETABS 9.1.1 Model
•Building Period
•N/S – 0.192 seconds
•E/W – 0.1535 seconds
•Shear Walls
• Vu = 264 Kips
•Mu = 6100 ft-kip
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Straw Bale Panel
Precast
Around the Globe
•England
•The Netherlands
•Canada
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Straw Bale Panel
Precast
Panel Design
•On Edge
•No Column Contact
•Wood Perimeter
•Stucco & Wire Mesh
•Drain Screen
•Window Detail
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Straw Bale Panel
Precast
Pennsylvania Straw Bale
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Cost Comparisons
Architectur
al
Adaptations
•Increased SF
•35,000 SF
•460 SF Per Unit
•RS Means Assumptions
•Straw Bale Assumptions
Structural
Depth
•Total Cost Increase
•$63,000
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Cost Comparisons
Not Included
Architectur
al
Adaptations
•Increased SF
•35,000 SF
•460 SF Per Unit
•RS Means Assumptions
•Straw Bale Assumptions
Structural
Depth
•Total Cost Increase
•$63,000
Building
Enclosure
•Fly Ash Factors
•Cement $120 / Ton
•Fly Ash $55 - $60 / Ton
•High Range Water Reducer
•$12 / Gallon (1oz. Per 100 Wt.)
•Schedule
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Conclusion
Raw Materials &
Waste Mitigation
CO2
•Lime Chemical Reaction
•2700˚F of Cement Production
•Material Transportation
•Straw
•Fly Ash
•Coal Mining
IEQ
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
•No Paints
•Living Walls in Garage
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Conclusion
Project Concerns
•Inconvenient Grid
•Parking
•Transfer Beams
•Square Footage on prime land
•Fly Ash source
•Inexperienced Working Crews
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Conclusion
Final Thoughts
Cost
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Conclusion
Final Thoughts
Local Economy
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Conclusion
Final Thoughts
Education
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Conclusion
Final Thoughts
Structure
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Acknowledgements
Mother Carla Firment & Family
LSFiore
Dr. Ali Memari
Dr. David Riley
Andy Lau
Robert Holland
Bruce King & the Straw Bale Community
All Friends and Faculty in the AE Department
The Engineers For a Sustainable World
Brittany Harris
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Comments?
Questions?
Concerns?
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
Report
Philosophy
Low Level Parking Garage
Architectur
al
Adaptations
Fly Ash in the
Centre Court Apartments
High Level Parking Garage
•LOI % for High Content
•Electrostatic Separation
•Separations Technology
•Low Heat of Hydration
Structural
Depth
Building
Enclosure
Structure
•Mix Designs
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN
Centre Court Apartments
Anthony Dente, LEED AP
Natural-Local-Environmentally Enhancing
ORIGINAL
REDESIGN