Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
CHRRA
Angela Nudy
Pennsylvania State University
Architectural Engineering
Lighting/Electrical Option
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Mistrick
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
CHRRA Building Overview
• Location: Geisinger Health
System Campus in Danville, Pa
• Size: 63,000 sq ft
• Stories: 4 (3 above grade)
• Total Cost: $18.5M
• Scheduled Completion: March
2007
• Sustainable Design: Slated to
become LEED Silver
Geisinger Campus
• Purpose: New facility for
Geisinger research and
education on techniques to solve
common rural area health care
issues.
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Presentation Outline
•Lighting Depth
•Main Lobby
•Open Office
•Exterior: Main Entrance (comparison of two designs)
•Auditorium
•Daylight Control and Solar Heat Gain Breadth
•Case study of (7) daylight control systems and
their effects on solar heat gain in the Open Offices
•Electrical Depth
•Lamp Replacement: T8 to T5HO
•Lighting Voltage: 120V to 277V
• Protective Device Coordination Study
•Construction Management Breadth
•Cost Analysis of applied Daylight Control System and
Electrical Depth Changes
•Recommendations, Acknowledgements, Q/A
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Design Depth:
Open Office
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Design Goals:
•
•
•
•
•
Increase daylight and electric light integration
Avoid direct glare and veiling reflections
Create uniform workplane
Sage wall paint
&
accent
wall-cover
Vertical illumination of filing area
Increased employee productivity
Dark Green Commercial
Carpeting
Important Areas/Tasks:
•
•
•
VDT-use
Reading/Writing tasks
Vertical File Storage surfaces
Egg-shell white
primary wall
paint
Insulated LowE Glazing
Full Height Cubicle
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Interior Spatial Redesign for maximum daylight integration
Existing Floor Plan
Solution: Move areas requiring higher
illuminance levels closer to glazing
New Floor Plan
Goal: To better integrate the furniture
layout with the south-facing glazing
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Schematic Design Sketches
Perimeter
Wall Wash
Recessed Lighting
Parallel to Glazing
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Luminaire Layout
TYPE
LAMP
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
NO.
6"X4' ONE LAMP LINEAR
FLUORESCENT RECESSED
FIXTURE WITH MATTE
PARABOLIC BAFFLESCOMPLIANT FOR NORMAL
VDT USE
1/4'
F54T5HO
4100K
82MIN CRI
54
1
C1
8" DIAMETER APERTURE TWO
LAMP COMPACT
FLUORESCENT DOWNLIGHT
WITH CLEAR ALZAC
REFLECTOR, PARABOLIC
CROSSBAFFLES AND WHITE
PAINTED FLANGE
2
PL-C 26
4100K
82MIN CRI
26
J1
LINEAR CONTINUOUS
RECESSED PERIMETER SINGLE
LAMP FLUORESCENT WALL
F25T8/F32T
1/
WASH LUMINAIRE WITH
8 4100K
SEC
STEEL HOUSING, LOUVER AND
82 MIN CRI
INTERNAL ASYMMETRICAL
REFLECTOR.
25
32
A5D
WATT NO
BALLAST
TYPE
V
MOUNTING
ELECTRONIC
ECO-10
DIMMING
277
RECESSED
1
ELECTRONIC
277
RECESSED
1
ELECTRONIC
277
RECESSED
WALL SLOT
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Automated Window Shade and Daylighting Analysis
Goals:
•Positively integrate daylighting into
space
•Block direct daylight from reaching
cubicles (< 7’-0” penetration)
•Avoid direct glare on computers
•Program window shades to adjust
automatically without occupant control
•Integrated photosensor controlled
dimming of electric light
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Automated Window Shade and Daylighting Analysis
Solution: Sun Profile Angle
•Profile Angle determines how far
shades must be down to block direct
daylight
•Depends on Julian day, building
location, façade direction, time of
day
•Use profile angle to program shade
location for CHRRA based on 15
minute increments
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Circuiting and Control Systems
Main Wall Control
Dimming Photosensor
Preset Wall Control
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Automated Window Shade and Daylighting Analysis
month
Jan
Feb
March
April
May
June
time
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
8:30am
10:30am
12:30pm
2:30pm
4:30pm
% output
0.956
0.646
0.638
0.778
0.968
0.74
0.424
0.318
0.478
0.824
0.526
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.376
0.104
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.316
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.296
0.14
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
dimmed zone
watts
total W
60.6
2361.7
43.3
1690.0
42.9
1672.7
50.7
1976.0
61.2
2387.7
48.6
1893.7
31.0
1209.0
25.1
979.3
34.0
1326.0
53.2
2075.7
36.7
1430.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
28.3
1105.0
13.2
515.7
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
25.0
975.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
23.9
931.7
15.2
593.7
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
13.0
507.0
J1
total W
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
1088
C1
total W
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
304
A5
Lighting
total W TOTAL W
372
4125.67
372
3454.00
372
3436.67
372
3740.00
372
4151.67
372
3657.67
372
2973.00
372
2743.33
372
3090.00
372
3839.67
372
3194.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2869.00
372
2279.67
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2739.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2695.67
372
2357.67
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
372
2271.00
Annual Electric Savings
Total Savings for KWhr
$488.41
Total KW yearly savings for both
offices
TOTAL UTILITY SAVINGS
$278.30
$766.71
Watts
364.33
1036.00
1053.33
750.00
338.33
832.33
1517.00
1746.67
1400.00
650.33
1296.00
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
1621.00
2210.33
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
1751.00
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
1794.33
2132.33
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
2219.00
Energy savings
Total Whr for day Total Kwhr per month (2)
7084.00
425.04
12292.67
737.56
19148.00
1148.88
21236.67
1274.20
21340.67
1280.44
22016.67
1321.00
Total Yearly Kwhr Savings in 1st and 2nd
level open offices
12374.24
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Realistic Computer Renderings
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Lighting Depth: Open Office
Solution Summary
•Integrate Daylighting into design
•Avoid Glare and Veiling Reflections
•Maximize Employee Productivity and
Comfort in space
Illuminance Values:
Work Plane: Eavg= 45fc
Filing Storage: Eavg= 35fc
TYPE
C1
J1
A5D
SQ FT
NUMBER
INPUT W
TOTAL W
7
51
357
92
30
2760
45
65
2925
4633.6
W ATTS
6042
POW ER DENSITY
1.30
Allowable Power Density = 1.45 watts/sq ft
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control &
Solar Heat Gain
Case Study
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Original Intent:
•Automated shades included in the original design intent of
CHRRA, but were removed due to budget constraints
•Analyze the reduction of open office cooling load due to
solar shades
•Look at payback feasibility
Existing Glazing Properties:
•Insulated Radiant Low-E glazing
•S.C. = 0.28
•U-value = 0.27
Solar Shade Properties:
•5% openness factor
•Solar Transmittance 25%
•Solar Reflectance 48%
•Solar Absorbance 27%
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
HAP simulation results for S-SSE facing VRE 11-67 glazing
•Use H.A.P. to
simulate monthly load
(BTU) due to solar heat
gain
•Use shade location to
determine heat gain in
space
NOTE:
•In actuality, shades
diffuse heat that is
reflected or absorbed
and only 8.2% is
transmitted back
through the glazing out
of the building.
monthly central
cooling load (KBTU)
146
135
416
1157
2735
4112
4807
5087
3661
2249
189
147
405.556
401.786
1118.280
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10169.444
6045.699
525.000
395.161
21-Nov
21-Dec
BTU/hr
time
21-Jan
Case One: Solar BTU with internal shades for time slot: assume 8.2% solar reflected back out of building due to shades
21-Feb
21-Mar
21-Apr
21-May
21-Jun
21-Jul
21-Aug
21-Sep
21-Oct
7:30 AM
405.556
401.786
1026.581
3213.889
7352.151
11301.398
12766.281
13674.731
9523.176
6045.699
525.000
395.161
8:30 AM
372.300
372.562
1063.077
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
9644.091
5578.705
481.950
362.758
9:30 AM
376.989
378.394
1076.923
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
9790.856
5678.846
487.245
365.545
10:30 AM
380.614
381.919
1084.901
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
9869.242
5736.848
492.196
369.142
11:30 AM
382.975
384.258
1090.770
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
9925.113
5775.517
495.468
371.475
12:30 PM
384.538
385.938
1095.813
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
9971.811
5802.287
497.620
372.997
1:30 PM
385.469
387.158
1100.765
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10017.676
5822.117
498.912
373.840
2:30 PM
385.735
388.014
1106.450
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10069.377
5835.998
499.342
373.970
3:30 PM
385.236
388.442
1114.153
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10138.590
5843.930
498.869
373.289
4:30 PM
383.474
388.278
1118.280
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10169.444
5843.930
496.845
371.313
5:30 PM
379.117
386.630
1118.280
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10169.444
5826.579
491.765
366.873
6:30 PM
372.300
378.031
1118.280
3213.889
7352.151
11422.222
12922.043
13674.731
10169.444
5741.310
481.950
395.161
BTU for day
BTU for month
BTU for year
4594.3037
137829.1
24620202.5
4621.4108
129399.5
13114.2725
406542.4
38566.6667
1157000.0
88225.8065
2735000.0
136945.8424
4108375.3
154908.7538
4802171.4
164096.7742 119458.2673
5087000.0
3583748.0
69531.7647
2155484.7
5947.1622
178414.9
4491.5234
139237.2
BTU base per month
BTU base for year
146000.00
24841000.00
135000.00
416000.00
1157000.00
2735000.00
4112000.00
4807000.00
2249000.00
189000.00
147000.00
Savings in BTU for
year
220797.48
5087000.00
3661000.00
Savings in KWhr for year 11.15397943
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Original Intent Outcome
•Due to the diffusing property of the shades, there is
negligible reduction on solar heat gain
Daylighting Integration Case Study:
Goal: Find best possible daylight control system
for open offices of CHRRA
•Analysis of (7) different daylight control systems for CHRRA
•Compared systems based on:
•Reduction in Solar Heat Gain- Energy Savings
•Initial Cost
•Maintenance, Flexibility
•Aesthetics
•Impacts on other engineering disciplines
•Impact on Construction
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
•Existing Low-E Glazing
remains the same for all
cases
Exterior Shade Properties:
•5% openness factor
•Solar Transmittance: 7%
•Solar Reflectance: 28%
•Solar Absorbance: 65%
Overhang Properties:
•Aluminum
•48” length, mtd. 1’ above
window
•Louvered to avoid snow
load
•Supported by curtain wall
or spandrel beams (both
mounting types available)
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Energy Analysis: Cooling Load
Case Number
Case 1: interior top mount shade
Case 2: exterior top mount shade
Case 3: 48" overhang
Case 4: interior floor mount shade
Case 5: interior floor mount + overhang
Case 6: exterior bottom mount shade
Case 7: exterior bottom mount shade + overhang
Demand
Usage (KWhr)
Charge (KW)
saving
savings
$0.88
$0.30
$9.67
$3.05
$24.59
$10.71
$7.19
$3.26
$30.02
$13.17
$76.24
$34.57
$82.22
$36.78
Total Yearly Savings on
Electric Bill
$1.18
$12.72
$35.30
$10.45
$43.19
$110.82
$119.01
Based on COP of 5.8 for the 500KW existing Chiller
Reasons for minimal cost reduction:
•Regional Location
•Weather Data
•Utility Rates
•High Quality Glazing
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Constructability
Quantity
2
2
2
2
2
Item
Overhang- Aluminum (Construction specialties)
Top Mount Shade (Lutron)
Floor Mount Shade (Lutron)
Exterior Top Mount Shade (Insolroll)
Exterior Bottom Mount Shade (Insolroll)
Programming shades controls
Material and Construction Cost
Length (ft)
Width (ft)
102
4
102
10
102
10
102
10
102
10
set price
Case Number
Case 1: interior top mount shade
Case 2: exterior top mount shade
Case 3: 48" overhang
Case 4: interior floor mount shade
Case 5: interior floor mount + overhang
Case 6: exterior bottom mount shade
Case 7: exterior bottom mount shade + overhang
$/SF Material
$41.56
$10.00
$10.00
$10.00
$10.00
$/SF Labor
$10.59
$0.61
$0.61
$2.00
$2.00
Cost ($)
$42,554.40
$21,644.40
$21,644.40
$24,480.00
$24,480.00
$50,000.00
Cost of system ($)
$71,644.40
$74,480.00
$42,554.40
$71,644.40
$103,376.60
$74,480.00
$104,794.40
•Pricing based on Allentown, Pa with Union Wages
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Case Study Complete Comparison
System Characteristics Comparison
•Flexibility and Maintenance
•Interior Systems
•Top Mounted Systems
•Exterior Views
•Overhang
•Floor Mounted Systems
•Minimized Heat Gain
•Dual Systems
•Exterior Systems
•Initial Cost
•Interior Systems
•Single Systems
•Commissioning
•Overhang
•Integration with other disciplines
•Interior Systems
•Architectural Aesthetics
•Interior Systems
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Daylighting Control System Case Study
Case Study Complete Comparison
System Characteristics
Case 5: Overhang with floor mounted interior shades
Ease of Use
Recommendations for CHRRA:
•Needs of specific owner:
•Ease of maintenance
•Increased Views
•Flexibility
•Maximize Energy Savings
Best Solution:
Combination
System: Interior
floor mounted
shades with
exterior overhang
Flexibility
no manual operation of overhang, interior
shades can be controlled manually if needed
Maintenance
overhang easily maintained, must clean floor
shades
Occupant Use
Occupant Views
shades always 50% of window or less, higher
views remain intact
Comfort- daylighting
shades block lower sun angles, overhang blocks
higher sun angles
Comfort- heat gain (Rank best- 1st
throughworst- 7th)
3rd
Cost
Initial Cost: Materials (Ranked
lowest (1st) to highest (7th)
6th
Commissioning
IMPORTANT
Energy Savings (Rank 1st through
7th)
3rd
Design Impact
Integration with other Engineering
System
STRUCTURAL
Architectural Impact
Issue of detailing, overhand changes the
appearance of exterior
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth
Comparison of T8 vs. T5HO fluorescent lamps
&
120v vs. 277v distribution for lighting systems
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth: T8 vs. T5HO
T8 vs. T5HO linear fluorescent lamps
Intent:
• Replace recessed T8 lamp fixtures in the
Multipurpose room, private offices, and (2) Open
Offices with T5HO fixtures
Purpose:
•Increased lamp efficiency (lumen output)
•Decrease in necessary wattage: energy savings
•Increase fixture spacing
•Decrease in initial cost
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth: T8 vs. T5HO
T8 vs. T5HO linear fluorescent lamps: Constructability
Example Cost Calculation: Private Offices
Lamp
Ballast
Fixture
Private Offices: T8 system Material Costs
Material
Quantity
T8 32W Fluorescent Lamp- 3500K
144
Non-dimming 120v ballast for 1-32W T8 lamp
144
Selux: M101 1T8SD (m100 4' fixture)
144
$/item
$1.08
$24.99
$284.00
Total Cost
Lamp
Ballast
Fixture
Private Offices: T5HO system Material Costs
Material
Quantity
T5HO 54W Fluorescent Lamp- 4100k
64
Non-dimming 277v ballast for 1-54W T5HO lamp
64
Selux: M101 1T5HSD (m100 4' fixture)
64
$/item
$7.00
$36.99
$295.00
Total Cost
selux 4' fixture including mounting
and connections
Quantity
144
Private Offices: T8 system Labor
Position
# workers/crew
# crews
Elec.
1
1
selux 4' fixture including mounting
and connections
Quantity
64
Private Offices: T5HO system Labor
Position
# workers/crew
# crews
Elec.
1
1
Total Cost
$155.52
$3,598.56
$40,896.00
$44,650.08
Total Cost
$448.00
$2,367.36
$18,880.00
$21,695.36
Labor cost/hr Duration (hrs) Total Cost
$49.18
1.481
$10,488.32
Labor cost/hr Duration (hrs)
$49.18
1.481
Total Cost
$4,661.48
Price estimates from manufacturer listings and industry member experience
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth: T8 vs. T5HO
T8 vs. T5HO linear fluorescent lamps: Energy and Constructability
Sa vings of KW de m a nd
Total KW savings per month
4.733
KW demand charge
$6.31
Total ($) savings per month
$29.87
Total ($) savings per year
$358.38
Sa vings of Kw hr (12hr da y)
Total KW savings per month
4.733
KW hr savings per month
1703.88
Total KW hr charge
$0.039
Total ($) savings per month
$66.45
Total ($) savings per year
$797.42
Total ($) yearly savings
Room
Private Offices
Multipurpose Room
Open Offices
Materials a nd Labor
Total Cost
T8 system
T5HO syste m
$55,138.40
$26,356.84
$35,555.20
$23,468.00
$102,831.36
$39,052.91
Sa vings
$28,781.57
$12,087.20
$63,778.45
Total Savings for material and
labor
$104,647.21
$1,155.80
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth: 120V vs. 277V
120v vs. 277v distribution for lighting
Intent:
• Replace 120v lighting distribution with a 277v system
•Re-circuit existing lighting to new panel boards
•Replace complicated control system with dimming panels
Purpose:
•Campus standard for 120V lighting no longer
necessary
•Increase watts on each circuit; therefore, less
runs necessary
•Fewer circuit breakers and less feeders needed
•Remove step-down transformers
•Decreased Construction Time
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Electrical Depth: 120V vs. 277V
120v vs. 277v distribution for lighting
Existing to Remain Loads: Distribution Panel DP-1
PANEL
LOAD
MCB
PNL AL-1(2 sect)
10.57KVA
150
PNL AG-1 (2 sect)
88.3KVA
150
PNL-A1-1 (2 sect)
73.9KVA
150
PNL A2-1 (2 sect)
72.08KVA
150
PNL AG-2 (2 sect)
51.0KVA
150
TOTAL KVA
demand
Total A
growth
Total A
Distribution Panel DP-3
PANEL
LOAD
PNL LP-G1
69.1KVA
PNL LP-L1
9.7KVA
PNL LP-L2
12.7KVA
295.8
0.7
575.17
25%
718.96
Bus Size
Main Circuit Breaker
800A
800A
TOTAL KVA
demand
Total A
growth
Total A
MCB
100A
60A
60A
91.5
1
110.11
25%
137.64
Bus Size
Main Circuit Breaker
250A
150A
Total Cost Comparison 120v vs 277v systems
Equipment
Panelboards
Dist. Panel (frame+ breaker)
Transformers
Feeder Wiring
Conduit (EMT)
Terminations
Photosensors
Circuit Breakers
Existing 120v
$22,479.00
$45,534.00
$11,725.00
$8,823.70
$17,831.90
$181.66
$2,200.00
$9,312.00
New 277v
$18,964.00
$43,559.00
$13,160.00
$6,015.45
$11,973.60
$149.43
$800.00
$8,733.00
Difference ($)
$3,515.00
$1,975.00
-$1,435.00
$2,808.25
$5,858.30
$32.23
$1,400.00
$579.00
Total Savings
Savings in Weeks
$14,732.78
3.1
Difference (days)
0
0
0
4.74
9.8
0
1
0
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Building Recommendations
Complete Cost Analysis of Proposed Changes
Building Recommendations:
•Addition of Automated Window Shades to First and Second Floor Open
Office
•48” Aluminum Overhang 1’ above open office windows
•Replacement of T8 lamps with T5HO lamps in private offices,
multipurpose room, and open offices
•Use 277v distribution for lighting systems in building
Analysis of Initial Cost Savings for CHRRA
Savings
T8 vs. T5HO lamps 120V vs. 277V lighting
$104,647.21
$14,732.78
Total Savings for Initial Cost
Automated Shades and Overhang
-$103,376.00
$16,003.99
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Conclusions
It is possible to decrease a building’s negative impact on the environment
without increasing initial cost
Considering system advantages besides initial cost is extremely important in
weighing pro’s and con’s of “green” building systems
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Acknowledgements
Architectural Engineering Department
Thesis Advisor: Dr. Mistrick
Electrical Advisor: Ted Dannerth
Ewing Cole Architects and Engineers
Mary Alcaraz, Brian Hahnlen, Bob Ghisu
Geisinger Health System Facilities Administration
Mitch Lleiby and Al Neuner
Lutron Electronics
David Borowski
My Family and Friends
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Thank You,
Questions?
Center for Health Research and Rural Advocacy
Overhang
•Sunshade utilizes a modular grille
•Perimeter frame is mechanically fastened to a single outrigger using 2”x4”
rectangular tubes
•4’ projection within the standard available sizes
•Grilles can be spaced anywhere from 2” to 12”
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Bottom-Up Shades
Based on this diagram
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