River Vue Apartments
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option
Adviser – Stephen Treado
Senior Thesis Program 2011-2012
Department of Architectural Engineering
Color photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Color photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Photo courtesy www.wikipedia.com
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Photo courtesy: www.lonelyplanet.com
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
20%
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
3%
Mechanical Design Alternatives
3%
2%
3%
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Project Cost Breakdown
Building Loads
69%
sensible solar gain
(Btu/h)
sensible glass
transmission (Btu/h)
sensible wall
transmission (Btu/h)
sensible lighting load
(Btu/h)
Sensible People
load(Btu/h)
sensible Misc
equipment (Btu/h)
Gen
Requirements
8%
Other
11%
Mech/Plumb
24%
Site 2%
Concrete,
Steel
25%
Finishes
30%
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Space
ASHRAE
Outdoor
Airflow
(cfm)
As Designed
Outdoor Airflow
(cfm)
Common Corridor
Stairwells
Main Entry Lobby
Stair Lobby
Elect Equip Room
Bsmt Machine Room
Elevator Machine Room
Boiler Room
Fire Pump Room
Generator Room
Dwelling Units 2nd Floor
Dwelling Units 3-14 Floors
933
346
42
81
48
96
150
96
96
96
1641
17504
5250
3200
570
150
0
0
0
0
0
0
1156
8580
Dwelling Units 15-16 Floors
2217
3107
Fitness Center
Retail Sales
Parking Garage
516
365
2070
500
500
0
Requires
Redesign
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Monthly Utility Usage
Month Electric (kW) Gas (therms)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
TOTAL
722
717
722
849
839
845
846
844
839
842
749
726
9540
36776
35939
26060
15040
4558
1307
46
1717
4782
17417
20845
33222
197709
Water (gal)
16
13
17
104
263
411
509
350
238
96
83
17
2117
Typical High Rise Apartment
occupancy sqft/person
Lo
Av
Hi
325
175
100
lights watts/sqft
Lo
Av
Hi
1
2
4
refrigeration sqft/ton
Lo
Av
Hi
450
400
350
supply air rate ( east-south-west) cfm/sqft
Lo
Av
Hi
0.8
1.2
1.7
supply air rate (north) cfm/sqft
Lo
0.5
Av
0.8
Hi
1.3
River Vue Apartments
occupancy sqft/person
200
lights watts/sqft
1
refrigeration sqft/ton
90
supply air rate ( east-southwest) cfm/sqft
0.63
supply air rate (north) cfm/sqft
0.63
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
New Design Airflows
AHU Sizing Load Calculations
250000
Lighting
200000
Equipment
150000
Occupancy
100000
Solar Gain
50000
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
LOADS (Btu/h)
Breadth 2 – CM Study
lighting equipment
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
318096
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
original system
7278258
Base AHU
0
occupancy
solar
TOTAL
Btu/h
352800 948365 8.90E+06
TOTAL
cfm
411922
Need for energy conservation
Demand Control Ventilation
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Occupancy Over 24 Hour Period
4.5
Mechanical Depth Design
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
4.0000
0.0450
3.5000
0.0400
3
0.0350
2.5
N
2
1.5
1
4.5000
0.0500
3.5
Concentration (ppm)
Mechanical Design Alternatives
4
Occupancy (No. of People)
Demand Control Ventilation
Demand Control Ventilation
Natural Ventilation with Constant
Air Changes
Concentration (ppm)
Schedule
0.0300
0.0250
0.0200
0.0150
0.0050
0
0.0000
2.5000
2.0000
1.5000
1.0000
0.0100
0.5
3.0000
0.5000
0.0000
Time (Hours)
c(t+∆t) = c(t) * e^(-n*∆t) + (cb + (N*q)/(n*V)) * (1-e^(-n*∆t)
Time (min)
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49
Time (min)
Schedule
New Design Airflows
250000
Mechanical Depth Design
200000
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
original system
150000
Base AHU
100000
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Annual Source Energy Consumption
alternative 1 - AHU w/
DCV
50000
Energy (Btu/ft^2 yr)
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
9200000
9000000
8800000
8600000
8400000
8200000
8000000
7800000
7600000
7400000
Base AHU
0
outside cooling heating return exhaust
airflow airflow airflow airflow airflow
alternative 1 - AHU w/
DCV
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Contaminant Calculations
Contaminant Differential (Ceq) = Co + (N/Vo)
Vo = outdoor airflow rate per person
N = CO2 rate per person
Co = CO2 concentration outside
Assumptions:
15 cfm/person
700 ppm
1.2 MET level means N= 0.0106 cfm
Co = 400 ppm
Ceq = 1107 ppm differential
MET =1.2 and 15 cfm of outside airflow, the expected
CO2 concentration will be about 0.13 percent
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Telair Ventostate 8000 series sensors
accurate within 3% and can detect 400-1250 ppm of CO2
CO2 detection between 2-3 minutes
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Control Logic
one sensor per floor located in return air duct
supply air fan VFD to start when CO2 concentration
reaches 1170 ppm or more
*See final report for full descriptions of control logic and
sequence of operation
Schedule
Design Airflow
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
200000Base AHU
6000
cfm
150000AHU w/ DCV and Economizer
5000
AHU w/ DCV and 1 Stage of Energy Recovery via Fixed
100000Plate HX (OA Preconditioning)
4000
AHU w/ DCV and 2 Stages of Energy Recovery: Fixed Plate HX
50000& Runaround Coil Loop
Hours at 0-25% of design
capacity
Hours at 26-50% of design
capacity
Hours at 51-75% of design
capacity
Hours at 75-100% of
design capacity
Hours
Energy & Cost Analyses
7000
AHU w/ DCV
Mechanical Depth Design
Mechanical Design Alternatives
250000
Design alternatives studied include:
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Demand Control Ventilation
Operation at Design Capacity
3000
2000
0
Base AHU
alternative 1 - alternative 2 - alternative 3 - alternative 4 AHU w/ DCV
AHU w/
AHU w/
AHU w/ 2
economizer
energy
stages of
recovery
energy
recovery
1000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Schedule
Energy Consumption
Annual Emissions
10000000
30000000
Mechanical Depth Design
8000000
25000000
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
building energy
consumption
(Btu/ft^2 yr)
source energy
consumption
(Btu/ft^2 yr)
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
20000000
lbm/yr
Demand Control Ventilation
Btu/ft^2 yr
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
NOX
SO2
CO2
15000000
10000000
5000000
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
20 Year Life Cycle Cost
$25,000,000.00
$20,000,000.00
$15,000,000.00
$600,000.00
$500,000.00
$400,000.00
$300,000.00
$10,000,000.00
$200,000.00
$5,000,000.00
$100,000.00
$$-
Capital Cost
Schedule
System Selection
20 Year Utility Cost
$14,000,000.00
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
$12,000,000.00
$10,000,000.00
Demand Control Ventilation
$8,000,000.00
Mechanical Design Alternatives
$6,000,000.00
Energy & Cost Analyses
$4,000,000.00
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Electric
Natural Gas
Chilled Water
$2,000,000.00
Airflow
Coil Size
Total Btu/h
Annual CO2 Emissions
Capital Cost
20 Year Life Cycle Cost
169,033 cfm
434 tons
8.9MBtu/h
20,981,096 lbm/yr
$363,600
$16.9 Million
AHU with DCV and Economizer
Success measured with:
Occupant comfort
$Original System
Base AHU
AHU with DCV AHU with DCV, AHU with DCV, AHU with DCV,
Economizer 1 Stage Energy 2 Stages of
Recovery
Energy
Recovery
Reduced energy use and emissions with
control strategy
Minimum ventilation requirements met
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Size
Capacity
Throw
NC
Pressure
Drop
2x12 sill
grille
62 cfm
9.45 feet
20
0.073 in wg
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Schedule
Available Solar Radiation
5500 sq. ft. of available space
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
β
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
www.rredc.nrel.gov/solar_data
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Monthly Electric
Output
1.401E+18
1.389E+22
9.904E+20
4.487E+20
1.722E+20
3.564E+20
1.177E+24
1.044E+21
6.104E+20
3.497E+20
http://gerardribas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Photovoltaic-Pannles6.jpg
Photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Schedule
Annual Solar Radiation
Daily Radiation
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
1
Mechanical Design Alternatives
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Monthly Radiation
Energy Analysis
Average Monthly
Radiation
Windows modeled with improved U-value to
represent shading
Sensible solar gain reduction of 243,549 Btu/h
Energy & Cost Analyses
Electric Output
(10% of total sensible load)
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Daily Electric Output (W)
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Monthly Electric Output
(W)
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Internal Shading Analysis
# Shades
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
volts
amps
VA
PF
Watts
1
120
20
2400
1
2400
Full load
amps
12
400
120
8000
960000
1
960000
4624
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
#
Shade (kW)
Shades requirement
per year
Annual
PV Array (kW)
output
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
1
2102.4
400
840960
30872
∆ (PV OutputAnnual
Mech Syst Need Shading
Mechanical
PV Power
Requirement)
System
Available
Requiremen
t (kW)
28770
9491826
9460954
0
-810088
9491826
9460954 0.33%
http://mechosystems.com/UrbanShade/
http://mechosystems.com/UrbanShade/
Photovoltaic Array
Study
Schedule
Date Year
Original Photovoltaic TOTAL
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Solar Funding
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
712,273.54
213,682.06
PA Federal
Investment Tax Credit
30% of total
installation cost
$
West Penn Power
Sustainable Energy
Fund
one time grant
$
25,000.00
New Photovoltaic TOTAL $
473,591.48
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
$
simple payback period = 26.6 years
2011
1
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Capital
Other
Mat.
$ 1,473,591 $ 100
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
-
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Elect.
Escalation
1.00
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Net Present Value
0.96
0.93
0.91
0.91
0.90
0.90
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.93
0.93
Elect. Value
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
64,461
61,883
59,949
58,660
58,660
58,015
58,015
58,015
58,660
59,304
59,949
60,594
60,594
60,594
60,594
60,594
60,594
60,594
59,949
59,949
953,086
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Category
New Mech System
Cost for Equipment
Total
Total
& Materials
installation installation
hours
days
$ 865,728.62
18306
763
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Old Mechanical
System
Mech System Cost
Difference
$ 1,371,508.55
$ 505,779.92
savings
24812
6506
Total Labor Cost
New Mech System
$
15,610.64
1034
Old Mechanical
System
$
3,323.81
271
Mech System Cost
Difference
$
(12,286.83)
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Category
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Category
New Mech
System with
Photovoltaic
and Shading
Systems TOTAL
Cost for
Equipment &
Materials
$ 2,578002.16
Old Mechanical $ 1,371,508.55
System
Overall System
Difference
$ (1,206,493.62)
Total
Total Labor
installation
Cost
hours
18911 $ 17,128.94
24812 $ 3,323.81
5901 $ (13,805.13)
Type of
Certification
Certified
Silver
Gold
Points Range
26-32
33-38
39-51
Platinum
52-69
www.usgbc.org
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Original Schedule
Duration (days)
Start
840
Finish
7/25/2011
8/31/2012
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Project Schedule
Original Schedule
Duration
Start
Finish
Adjusted Schedule
Duration
Decrease in Time
640
24%
TOTAL
840
7/25/2011
8/31/2012
MEP Rough In
MEP Finishes
Punch list &
Inspections
465
250
125
7/25/2011
11/21/2011
2/27/2012
2/10/2012
7/27/2012
8/31/2012
Adjusted Schedule
Duration Decrease in
Time
640
24%
340
190
110
27%
24%
12%
Schedule
Building Overview
Existing Mechanical System
Mechanical Depth Design
Demand Control Ventilation
Mechanical Design Alternatives
Energy & Cost Analyses
Breadth 1 – Photovoltaic Array Study
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Laura Pica – Mechanical Option - Adviser – Stephen Treado
Conclusions
Recommended larger AHU with Demand
Control Ventilation
Increased occupant comfort
Minimum ventilation requirements met
Decreased capital cost
Decreased construction schedule
Photovoltaic array and internal shading not
recommended
Next Analysis – the use of solar thermal collectors
and storage to assist existing system
Photo taken by Laura Pica August 2011
Acknowledgements
• My adviser, Stephen Treado, for his help in editing my technical
reports and providing professional consulting
• All other Department of Architectural Engineering faculty for their
passion for teaching, continued support and encouragement
• All AE Mentors and Practitioners from the “Mentoring Center” for
their valuable design advice
• Kevin Ludwick, Turner Project Manager for supplying design
documents and construction data
• And most importantly, my friends and family for their support
throughout my senior year. I could have never finished this project
without you!
Thank You
Questions?
Appendix
Room Space Type
No
Mechanical Depth Design
Area
(Az)
Load Calculations
B-10
LOADS (Btu/h)
lighting equipment
318096
7278258
occupancy
solar
TOTAL
Btu/h
352800 948365 8.90E+06
TOTAL
cfm
411922
lobby
100
Room
Space Type
No
B-10
lobby
Equipment
dishwasher
Room
No
B-10
Quantity
199
Space Type
lobby
OA Rate OA Rate
per
(cfm)
person
(Rp)
5
25
Area
(Az)
100
OA Rate
(cfm)
(CFM)
Btu/h
31
1.435
6
Density
(Watts) (W/sqft)
256
2.560
Btu/h
874
BTU/h per
unit
Watts per
unit
TOTAL Btu/h
800
234
159200
Expected # occupant
of occupants
load
(Btu/h)
5
1750
CFM
81
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Category
Mechanical System Takeoff
Crew Size
$ Per crew member
Total Labor $
Labor Hours per
unit
Total
installation
hours
322,000.00
AHU – VAV for 100,000 cfm, not
incl duct & accessories
1
$ 14,400.00
$ 14,400.00
290
580
$
1,650.00
DCV Direct-Digital CO2 Detector
System, incl panel & sensor
2
$
104.00
$
208.00
2
2
950.00
$
190,000.00
DCV sensor
2
$
57.00
$
114.00
1.1
220
DCV Wiring (ft)
1
$
16.00
$
16.00
0.2
42
$
50.00
$
10,600.00
Economizer Add-on
1
$
590.00
$
590.00
13
13
1
$
25,000.00
$
25,000.00
supply duct (lb) – 20”
2
$
16.90
$
33.80
0.369
6015
16299.75
$
5.67
$
92,338.08
supply duct (lb) – 10”
2
$
4.42
$
8.84
0.1
1627
return duct (lb) – 20”
2
$
16.90
$
33.80
0.369
9079
supply elbows
2
$
10.00
$
20.00
0.5
113
return elbows
2
$
10.00
$
20.00
0.5
128
supply transitions
2
$
10.00
$
20.00
0.5
30
diffusers
4
$
12.30
$
49.20
0.25
56
modulating dampers for AHU
1
$
49.00
$
49.00
1
2
Quantity
AHU – VAV for 100,000 cfm,
not incl duct & accessories
2
$
161,000.00
$
DCV Direct-Digital CO2
Detector System, incl panel
& sensor
DCV sensor
1
$
1,650.00
200
$
DCV Wiring (ft)
212
Economizer Add-on
Mechanical System Design
Alternative
Equipment
Equipment
supply duct (lb) – 20”
Cost Per Item (Inc. O&P)
Total Cost
supply duct (lb) – 10”
16268.1
$
2.83
$
45,989.92
return duct (lb) – 20”
24604
$
5.67
$
139,382.37
supply elbows
225
$
18.55
$4173.75
return elbows
255
$
37.00
$9435
supply transitions
diffusers
modulating dampers for
AHU
60
225
2
$35
$65.5
$161
$2100
$14737.5
$322
Category
Mechanical System Design
Alternative
TOTAL
TOTAL
$
857,728.62
$ 15,562.64
17906
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Category
Electrical Takeoff
Category
Photovoltaic Array
Equipment
photovoltaic panel kit
additional wiring (ft)
conduit
conduit cutting/drilling
grounding electrode
circiut breaker
internal shade & motor
TOTAL
Quantity
94
212
212
64
1
1
400
Cost Per Item (Inc O&P)
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
6,790.91
140.00
44.00
200.00
120.00
22,000.00
2500
Total Cost
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
638,345.54
29,680.00
9,328.00
12,800.00
120.00
22,000.00
1,000,000.00
1,712,273.54
Photovoltaic Array
Equipment
Crew Size
$ Per crew member
Total Labor $
Labor Hours
per unit
Total
installation
hours
photovoltaic panel
kit
2
$
25.00
$
50.00
0.75
70.5
additional wiring (ft)
2
$
16.00
$
32.00
1
212
conduit
2
$
9.40
$
18.80
0.2
42.4
conduit
cutting/drilling
1
$
114.00
$
114.00
2.4
153.6
grounding electrode
1
$
68.50
$
68.50
1.45
1.45
circiut breaker
1
$
1,175.00
$
1,175.00
25
25
internal shade
4
$
15.00
$
60.00
0.25
100
shade motor
4
$
15.00
$
60.00
0.2
80
$
1,578.30
TOTAL
685
Project Schedule
Breadth 2 – CM Study
Original Schedule
Adjusted Schedule
Zone
Duration
Start
Finish
Duration
Decrease in
Time
TOTAL
840
7/25/2011
8/31/2012
640
24%
MEP Rough In
465
7/25/2011
2/10/2012
340
27%
Elevator Lobbies & Stair Towers Rough In
100
8/15/2011
12/9/2011
85
Basement and Level 1 Underground Rough In
80
10/24/2011
2/10/2012
70
Level 2, 3, 4, 5 Rough In
60
7/25/2011
10/14/2011
40
Level 6 & 7 Rough In
30
8/1/2011
9/9/2011
15
Level 8 & 9 Rough In
30
8/22/2011
9/30/2011
15
Level 10 & 11 Rough In
30
9/12/2011
10/21/2011
15
Level 12 & 13 Rough In
30
10/3/2011
11/11/2011
15
Level 14, 15 & 16 Rough In
45
10/24/2011
12/23/2011
30
Penthouse and Roof Rough In
60
8/8/2011
10/28/2011
55
MEP Finishes
250
11/21/2011
7/27/2012
190
Elevator Lobbies & Stair Towers
60
11/21/2011
2/10/2012
45
Basement and Level 1 Underground
20
1/30/2012
2/24/2012
15
Level 2, 3, 4, 5
60
11/28/2011
2/17/2012
45
Level 6 & 7
20
2/27/2012
3/23/2012
15
Level 8 & 9
20
3/19/2012
4/13/2012
15
Level 10 & 11
20
4/30/2012
5/25/2012
15
Level 12 & 13
20
5/28/2012
6/22/2012
15
Level 14, 15 & 16
30
6/18/2012
7/27/2012
25
Punch list & Inspections
125
2/27/2012
8/31/2012
110
Basement and Level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
20
2/27/2012
3/23/2012
18
Level 6 & 7
20
3/26/2012
4/20/2012
18
Level 8 & 9
20
4/23/2012
5/18/2012
18
Level 10 & 11
20
5/28/2012
6/22/2012
18
Level 12 & 13
20
7/2/2012
7/27/2012
18
Level 14, 15 & 16
25
7/30/2012
8/31/2012
20
Schedule Changes
24%
12%