What brain regions make up the brain stem?
1. The hypothalamus, the thalamus, and
the pons
2. The diencephalon and the
mesencephalon
3. The mesencephalon, the pons, and the
medulla oblongata
4. The pons, the cerebellum and the
medulla oblongata
Which primary brain vesicle is destined to form the
cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Prosencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Myelencephalon
Metencephalon
In what way(s) is the cranial dura mater
structurally distinct from the spinal dura mater?
1. It is formed of two layers.
2. Some portions extend into the cranial
cavity as dural folds.
3. It contains dural sinuses.
4. All of these are differences from spinal
dura mater.
What are potential consequences of
blockage of an interventricular foramen?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hugely expanded skulls in infants
Brainstem stroke
Damage to and distortion of brain in adults
1 and 3 are correct
How would decreased diffusion across the
arachnoid granulations affect the volume of
cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Volume would increase.
Volume would decrease.
Volume would remain the same.
Volume would fluctuate erratically.
Many water-soluble molecules that are relatively
abundant in the blood occur in small amounts or not
at all in the extracellular fluid in the brain. Why?
1. Blood pressure increases in brain
capillaries.
2. Blood−brain barrier restricts ion
movement.
3. Neurons take up most ions.
4. Neuroglia remove ions from CSF.
Why can damage to the medulla oblongata
cause death?
1. It contains cardiac, vasomotor, and
respiratory centers.
2. It controls the ANS.
3. It contains tracts that process information
to and from the cerebellum.
4. It contains the headquarters for the
reticular activating system.
Which nuclei in the medulla oblongata are
responsible for relaying somatic sensory
information to the thalamus?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nuclei of superior and inferior colliculi
Nuclei of cranial nerves VIII–XII
The nucleus gracilis and the nucleus cuneatus
The solitary nucleus and olivary nucleus
Which cranial nerve nuclei are located in the pons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
VII, IX, and X
III, IV, and VI
V, VI, VII, and VIII
IX, X, XI, and XII
Which of the cerebellar peduncles allows
communication between the cerebellum
and pons?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Transverse cerebellar peduncles
Middle cerebellar peduncles
Inferior cerebellar peduncles
Superior cerebellar peduncles
What is the primary function of the
cerebellum?
1. Controls reflexive movements of the eyes
in response to visual stimuli
2. Provides awareness of emotional states
3. Coordination between voluntary and
autonomic functions
4. Coordinates rapid, automatic adjustments
that maintain balance and equilibrium
Which component of the diencephalon is
responsible for integration of the nervous
and endocrine systems?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Mamillary bodies
Reflex movements of the eyes, head and neck
are controlled by which area of the
mesencephalon?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Inferior colliculi
Superior colliculi
Damage to the lateral geniculate nuclei of
the thalamus would interfere with the
functions of which of the senses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Taste
Sight
Touch
Smell
Which area of the diencephalon would be
stimulated by changes in body temperature?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tuberal area of the hypothalamus
Anterior nuclei of the thalamus
Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
Intermediate mass of the thalamus
Damage to the amygdaloid body would
interfere with regulation of what division of
the autonomic nervous system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Peripheral
Somatic
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Which of the following is NOT a function of
the limbic system?
1. Establishing emotional states
2. Linking the conscious, intellectual function
of the cerebral cortex with unconscious,
autonomic functions of the brain stem
3. Facilitating memory storage and retrieval
4. Directing somatic motor patterns
associated with rage, pleasure, and pain
What name is given to axons carrying
information between the brain and spinal cord,
and through which brain regions do they pass?
1. Projection fibers; diencephalon, brain stem,
and cerebellum
2. Commissural; both cerebral hemispheres
3. Association fibers; diencephalon, brain stem,
and cerebellum
4. Arcuate fibers; within a single cerebral
hemisphere
What symptoms would you expect to
observe in an individual who has damage to
the basal nuclei?
1. Mental slowness and inability to
perceive meaning from written symbols
2. Conscious perception of touch and
erratic muscle contractions
3. Epileptic seizures
4. Difficulty starting voluntary movements
and decreased muscle tone
A patient suffers a head injury that damages
her primary motor cortex. Where is the
primary motor cortex and what functions will be
lost due to the injury?
1. Parieto-occipital sulcus/control over
involuntary movements
2. Postcentral gyrus/voluntary movements
controlled by the specific regions damaged
3. Precentral gyrus/voluntary movements
controlled by the specific regions damaged
4. Insula/ability to categorize items
Conscious perception of which senses
would be affected by damage to the
temporal lobes of the cerebrum?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Olfactory and gustatory
Olfactory and auditory
Visual and auditory
Auditory and gustatory
After suffering a stroke, a patient is unable to
speak, but can understand what is said to him
and can understand written messages. Which
part of his brain has been affected
by the stroke?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Wernike’s area in the parietal lobe
General interpretive area of the temporal lobe
Primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
Broca’s area in the frontal lobe
Paul is having a difficult time remembering
facts and recalling long-term memories.
Which part of his cerebrum is involved?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Which of these is NOT usually a characteristic
function associated with the left cerebral
hemisphere?
1. Performing mathematical calculations
2. Analyzing emotional context of a conversation
3. Containing the general interpretive and
speech centers
4. Processing associated with reading, writing,
and speaking
A patient who is hooked up to an EEG shows
primarily beta waves. What are they doing?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They are in deep sleep or have a brain disorder.
They are in the early stages of sleep.
They are concentrating on a specific task.
They are extremely frustrated.
Which cranial reflex is stimulated by loud noises
and what is the response?
1. Tympanic reflex/reduced movement of
auditory ossicles
2. Vestibulo-ocular reflex/opposite movement of
the eyes to stabilize field of vision
3. Auditory reflex/eye or head movement
4. 1 and 3 are correct