ZOOL 409
and
Lab Week 9
 Slide 32, 34-- salivary glands (distinguish serous cells, mucous cells, and ducts)
 Slide 33 -- soft palate
 Slides 36, 37 (also, in some boxes, 35, 57), esophagus -- ( sub mucosal glands might or might not be present on a particular slide).
 Slides 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 -- stomach
The stomach is notable for its prominent mucosal glands. Note distinct surface mucous cells in all regions, extending into gastric pits.
Then note that the mucosal glands differ in different regions of the stomach. Distinguish fundic glands, with their plentiful chief cells and parietal cells, from the mucous glands of cardiac and pyloric stomach.
 Slides 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51 -- small intestine .
Distinguish goblet cells from absorptive cells in the surface of the villi; see whether you can distinguish Paneth cells at the bottoms of the crypts, and note Brunner's glands in the submucosa of the duodenum.
 Slides 51, 52, 53 -- pancreas (note serous acini, ducts, and islets).
See Practice Quiz on back.
 Slide 54-- Pig liver has each hepatic lobule neatly outlined by connective tissue. Note hepatic lobules, portal areas (each with portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct), hepatic cords, sinusoids, and central veins. Understand the relationships among hepatocytes, sinusoids, and bile canaliculi. Try to see sinusoidal endothelium, space of Disse, and Kupffer cells.
This slide is stained with trichrome, so collagen is blue (highlighting the "frame"around each lobule. But unfortunately nuclei haven't stained well, so you can't use this slide -- at least not easily -- to see the various cells which comprise liver.
 Slide 55 -- Human liver is quite similar to pig liver, except without the conspicuous septa separating the lobules. Microscopically the human liver looks like a vast field of hepatocytes with occasional interruptions. Nevertheless, you should be able to recognize hepatic lobules, portal areas (each with portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct), hepatic cords, sinusoids, and central veins.
Understand the relationships among hepatocytes, sinusoids, and bile canaliculi. Try to see sinusoidal endothelium, space of Disse, and Kupffer cells.
 Slide 56 -- Liver with cirrhosis . Look for the same organizational features as in pig liver.
Then note that connective tissue between lobules is variously thick and inflamed.
The term cirrhosis refers to scarring of the liver, in which collagen replaces damaged liver parenchyma. For more, see liver pathology on the website.
See Practice Quiz on back.
Last updated: 22 March 2013 / dgk

Do not call for a quiz until you are prepared to proceed efficiently.
Each of the listed structures should be readily apparent in an appropriate region.
The order of listing should call for minimal stage movement between one structure and the next.
"Hunting" should seldom be necessary.
In addition to the quiz, you are also (as always) encouraged to seek confirmation for your recognition of structures on slides from your reference slide set -- particularly of any features not included in these quizzes.
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Features of tongue:
____ Serous salivary gland
____ Mucous salivary gland
____ Duct
Features of salivary gland:
____ Serous cells
____ Mucous cells
____ Duct
____ Blood vessel (indicate whether
artery or vein)
Features of esophagus:
____ Submucosal gland
____ Lymphoid tissue
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Features of stomach mucosa:
____ Gastric pit
____ Surface mucous cell
____ Gastric (fundic) glands
____ Parietal cell
____ Chief cell
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Features of intestinal mucosa:
____ Enterocyte on villus
____ Goblet cell
____ Paneth cell
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Stomach / duodenum junction:
____ Epithelial boundary
____ Stomach surface mucus cells
____ Intestinal absorptive & goblet cells
____ Brunner's glands in submucosa
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Features of pancreas:
____ Serous cells
____ Islet of Langerhans
____ Duct
____ Blood vessel (indicate whether
artery or vein)
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Features of liver:
____ Portal area
____ Bile duct (branch)
____ Portal vein (branch)
____ Hepatic artery (branch)
____ Hepatic cord / hepatocyte
____ Sinusoid
____ Central vein
Last updated: 8 December 2011 / dgk