American Medical Association (AMA) & Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (ADA) Styles.
From the James Madison University’s Library (http://www.lib.jmu.edu/citation/amaguide.pdf)
Modified and compiled by the NIU University Writing Center, Summer 2013.
Call 815.753.6636 to make an appointment.
In-Text Documentation:
 Avoid using the author’s name for in-text citations.
 Use superscript Arabic numerals to number references.
 Number references consecutively, ascending from 1.
 Use the same number for multiple citations of the same reference.
 To format the superscript numerals, follow these guidelines:
place outside of punctuation
place inside of punctuation
do not place immediately after
use a comma or a hyphen
enclose page numbers in parentheses

comma,1 period.2
semicolon3; colon4:
# (a number) or #cm (a unit of measure)5-6
for multiple citations7,9-14,16
use commas to separate them17(p21),4(pp24,26-30)
Include the page number of each and every direct quotation.
References List:
 List references in numerical order at the end of the manuscript.
 Each reference should correspond to exactly 1 reference number.
 Abbreviate journal titles in accordance with the conventions set by the National Library
of Medicine.
use the database at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ to determine the proper abbreviation.

Use the entries in the following table as models:
Book (print)
Book chapter (print)
Journal article (print) with 2-6
authors
Journal article (print) with more
than 6 authors*
Journal article (online) from a
library database. [The AMA
does not specify format, so
check with your professor.]
Newspaper (print) [For
discontinuous pagination, write
page numbers like this: D1, D5]
Newspaper (online)
Website
1. Modlin J, Jenkins P. Decision Analysis in Planning for a Polio Outbreak in
the United States. San Francisco, CA: Pediatric Academic Societies; 2004.
2. Solensky R. Drug allergy: desensitization and treatment of reactions to
antibiotics and aspirin. In: Lockey P, ed. Allergens and Allergen
Immunotherapy. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2004:585-606.
3. Salwachter AR, Freischlag JA, Sawyer RG, Sanfey HA. The training needs
and priorities of male and female surgeons and their trainees. J Am Coll
Surg. 2005;201:199-205.
4. Fukushima H, Cureoglu S, Schachern P, et al. Cochlear changes in patients
with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005; 133:
100-106.
5. Calhoun D, Trimarco T, Meek R, Locasto D. Distinguishing diabetes:
Differentiate between type 1 & type 2 DM. JEMS [serial online].
November 2011;36(11):32-48. [Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full
Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed February 2, 2012.]
6. Wolf W. State’s mail-order drug plan launched. Minneapolis Star Tribune.
May 14, 2004:1B.
7. Pollack A. FDA approves new cystic fibrosis drug. New York Times.
January 31, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/01/business/
fda-approves-cystic-fibrosisdrug.html?ref=health. Accessed February 1,
2012.
8. American Medical Association (AMA) citation style. James Madison
University Libraries Web site. www.lib.jmu.edu/citation/amaguide.pdf.
Updated November 1, 2012. Accessed June 18, 2013.
* ADA style differs on this point. ADA forbids the use of et. al, demanding that all of the authors’ names be listed.