The Radiation Damping Absorption Coefficient Profile - Quantum Mechanically Correct Version The absorption coefficient (cross section) in cm2 per classical oscillator is 2 2 2e me c 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 , 2 where 8 2 2 e 2 , 3me c 3 is the classical damping constant and ν0 is the resonant or natural frequency. This can also be written, in the vicinity of an absorption line e 2 mc v , where 4 2 , since 02 2 [( 0 )( 0 )] 2 4 2 0 . 2 4 0 2 2 2 ________________________________________________________________________ Two adjustments need be made to the above expression to bring it into agreement with the quantum mechanically derived expression: (1) The coefficient needs to be multiplied by f, the so-called “oscillator strength” or “f-value.” This is a number between 0 and 1 which can be regarded as the number of classical oscillators per absorbing particle, or as a probability that an absorbing particle which is otherwise in the correct position and energy configuration, will actually absorb a passing photon. (2) The classical damping constant, γ, needs to be replaced by a quantum mechanically defensible quantity. We note that the half width of the symmetrical classical αν profile at one half its peak value is given by ν ν0 = γ/4π. Because of the uncertainty principle, ΔEΔt h, there is an uncertainty in the energy of each of the two energy levels associated with a given transition of ΔEu,l = h/tu,l, where tu,l is the lifetime of the atom, ion or molecule in that energy level. The probability that an absorbed or emitted photon will have an energy in the range E to E + dE can be shown to be dP h dE 4 2 t ul E E 0 2 h 4 t ul 2 , where E0 = hν0 is the average energy of a photon associated with a transition between the levels and tul is defined by the equation 1 1 1 , where tu and tl are the lifetimes t ul t u t l of the upper and lower energy levels respectively. For purely radiative conditions (negligible collisional transition rates) these quantities are determined by the local radiative conditions and the Einstein coefficients of the involved particles: 1 Ann ' Bnn ' J nn ' Bnn '' J nn '' . tn n' n' n '' In this expression n can represent either u or l; in both cases n’ represents lower energy states which are available for spontaneous and stimulated emissions and n’’ represents higher energy states which are available for absorptions. To take full advantage of the similarity between the expressions for αν and dP we define Гul 1/tul = 1/tu + 1/tl = Гu + Гl. In terms of Гul, the probability an emitted or absorbed photon between levels u and l will have a frequency between ν and ν + dν is given by the “line intensity distribution” or “broadening function” φν, which is therefore nn ' d 0 2 4 2 d , 2 nn ' 4 where we have replaced the subscripts u and l with the subscripts n (upper state) and n’ (lower state). The absorption cross section per particle, is therefore nn ' 4 2 f nn ' v , where . 2 mc nn ' 2 0 4 e 2 This is identical with the classical result except for the two adjustments, (1) e2 mc e2 mc f nn ' and (2) nn ' .