Supporting material calculated ocean time series for 1958-2008.doc
2010-05-11
Calculated Baltic Sea temperature, salinity, ice and heat fluxes for the
period 1958-2008.
1. Basic References
Omstedt, A. and L., Axell (2003). Modeling the variations of salinity and temperature in the
large Gulfs of the Baltic Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 23, 265-294. DOI 10.1016/S02784343(02)00207-8
Omstedt, A., Chen, Y. and K., Wesslander, (2005). A comparison between the ERA40 and the
SMHI gridded meteorological databases as applied to Baltic Sea modelling. Nordic
Hydrology, 36(4), 369-380.
Rutgersson, A., Omstedt, A. and Y., Chen, 2005. Evaluation of the heat balance components
over the Baltic Sea using four gridded meteorological data bases and direct observations.
Nordic Hydrology, 36(4), 381-396.
Correspondence should be addressed to: Anders Omstedt (Anders.Omstedt@gvc.gu.se)
2. Material and Methods
The PROBE-Baltic model have been used to evaluate gridded meteorological datasets and
compared with observed fluxes and satellite data. In Omstedt et al (2005) it was also
recommend that the ERA40 data should be used as they cover the longest time period. SMHI
data should be added for years after 2002 for updating the files. However, ERA40 surface
wind values are too low; instead one should use geostrophic wind values and reduction
formulas such as those given by Omstedt and Axell (2003). For precipitation, we recommend
the pertinent data contained in the SMHI database. Based on these recommendation the
PROBE-Baltic have been run for the period 1958-2006 and a number of calculated time series
have been generated for the different sub-basins in the Baltic Sea and are freely available on
request.
The forcing data for the modelling are not included and if needed the reader should contact the
data providers listed below. The gridded data set from SMHI (SMHI 1  1) covers the 1970–
2006 period. This data set is available from the BALTEX Hydrological Data Centre (BHDC,
http://www.gkss.de/baltex/ ).The
ERA40
reanalysis
project
( http://www.ecmwf.int/research/era/ ), covering the 1957–2001 period, and the data are available
from ECMWF. In the model runs we also use river runoff data to the different sub-basins and sea
level data from the Kattegat. These data sets are available through the BALTEX Hydrological
Data Centre. Observations are also not included in this supporting material; and if needed the
reader should contact the data providers (SMHI and Finnish Institute of Marine Research).
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3. Results and available files
3.1 Calculated daily temperature, salinity and ice data
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Time series of surface and bottom temperatures (Ts, Tb), surface and bottom salinities (Ss,
Sb), ice concentration (Ai), and ice thickness (hi) have been calculated and are available as a
number of files, see Table 1.The time resolution is one day. The surface properties refer to
values at 1 m below the surface. The deep properties refer to values 1 m above model depth.
These files are put into a map under the name PB calculations ocean time series I 19582008.zip and have the size of 3.1 Mbite as zip file.
Table 1. Calculated data available in file PB calculations ocean time series I 1958-2008.zip
Sub-basin
Acronym
Kattegat
Öresund
Belt Sea
Arkona Basin
Bornholm Basin
E Gotland Basin
NW Gotland B.
Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Finland
Archipelago Sea
Åland Sea
Bothnian Sea
Bothnian Bay
ka
or
be
ar
bh
go
nw
gr
gf
as
al
bs
bb
Model
depth
100
30
40
50
90
250
250
50
120
90
220
155
130
Variables
File name
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
Ts,Tb,Ss,Sb,Ai,hi
ka_graph.dat
or_graph.dat
be_graph.dat
ar_graph.dat
bh_graph.dat
go_graph.dat
nw_graph.dat
gr_graph.dat
gf_graph.dat
as_graph.dat
al_graph.dat
bs_graph.dat
bb_graph.dat
3.2 Calculated 3 hours surface temperature, surface wind speed and fluxes
Time series of calculated air temperature (Tac at 2 m.), water temperature (Tw) and wind
speed at 10 m (Wac) as well as calculated sensible heat (Fh), latent heat (Fe), net long wave
radiation (Fl), net heat loss (Fn=Fh+Fe+Fl), sun radiation to open water (Fsw), and heat flux
from water to ice (Fice) are available as another set of files, see Table 2. The time resolution
is 3 hours. Note that air temperature and surface wind speed are calculated based on reduction
formulas presented in Omstedt and Axell (2003).
Table 2. Calculated data available in file PB calculations ocean time series II 1958-2008.zip
Sub-basin
Kattegat
Öresund
Belt Sea
Arkona Basin
Bornholm Basin
E Gotland Basin
N W Gotland Basin
Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Finland
Archipelago Sea
Acronym
ka
or
be
ar
bh
go
nw
gr
gf
as
Variables
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
File name
ka_res2.dat
or_res2.dat
be_res2.dat
ar_res2.dat
bh_res2.dat
go_res2.dat
nw_res2.dat
gr_res2.dat
gf_res2.dat
as_res2.dat
2
Åland Sea
Bothnian Sea
Bothnian Bay
al
bs
bb
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Tac,Tw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
Ta,cTw,Wac,Fh,Fe,Fl,Fn,Fsw, Fice
al_res2.dat
bs_res2.dat
bb_res2.dat
These files are put into a map under the name PB calculations ocean time series II 19582008.zip and have the size of 33.1 Mbite as zip file.
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