Matakuliah
Tahun
: O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran Televisi
: 2010
POSTPRODUCTIONS EDITING
Pertemuan 10
How Postproduction Editing Works (1/2)
The basic editing functions are to combine, shorten, correct and build.
The editing features, techniques, and process will mainly be determined
by the systems the production used whether it applies the linear or nonlinear system during production.
The following aspects will be the complete discussion on postproduction
editing: (1) editing modes: off-and on-line, (2) basic editing systems, (3)
linear editing systems, (4) control track and time code editing, (5) linear
editing features and techniques, (6) AB rolling and AB-roll editing, (7)
nonlinear editing systems, (8) nonlinear editing features and techniques,
(9) pre-editing phases.
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How Postproduction Editing Works (2/2)
Editing Modes: Off- and On-Line
The 2 (two) basic editing modes are off-line and on-line.
The off-line mode or also called the rough-cut allows you to put the shots
together to get a rough idea of what the edited program will look like. The
result of the off-line mode editing will not be shown on the air; therefore,
the off-line editing is often conducted with low-quality and cheap
equipment.
As the on-line mode, the tape is assembled in the final version. This
mode is applied when you are editing a news story that is to go on the air
in a few minutes; therefore, the high-quality tape-based or disk-based
system is highly required.
Basic Editing Systems
Regardless of whether the information is analog or digital, the basic
editing systems are (1) linear system, and (2) non-linear system.
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Linear Editing System (1/4)
Linear Editing System
All tape-base linear editing systems work on the same basic principle.
The different tape-based systems fall into three categories:
The-single source system
Also called the cuts-only editing system is a basic system that has only
one VTR supplying the material to be edited.
The expanded single-source system
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Linear Editing System (2/4)
 Multiple-source system
The tape-based multiple-source editing system consists of two or
more source VTRs, a single record VTR, and a computer-assisted
edit controller. This system include an audio mixer, a switcher, and
special-effect equipment.
The most advantages of this system are: (1) it can facilitate a great
variety of transitions and allow the mixing of audio tracks from two or
more source tapes, and (2) the arrangement of all even numbers for
the source A VTR and all odd numbers for B VTR can be made
possible.
Control Track and Time Code Editing
The control track (pulse-count) system count the control track pulses and
translates this into elapsed time and frame numbers.
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Linear Editing System (3/4)
Linear Editing Features and Techniques
In most professional VTRs the equipment would allow the switching
between two major editing modes:
Assemble editing
In assemble editing, the system will erase the previous version
of what is on the tape (video, audio, control and address tracks) and
replace it with the most current version.
The advantage of assemble editing is that the system is fast
Insert editing
In the insert editing mode, the source material is transferred
without its control track and placed according to the prerecorded
continuous control track of the edit master tape.
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Linear Editing System (4/4)
AB Rolling and AB-Roll Editing
AB rolling editing is similar to cutting between two cameras in a live
production, except that the video sources feeding into the switchers are
not cameras but two VTRs.
As with AB-roll editing, it is similar to AB-rolling editing only that the editing
decisions are executed by the edit controller rather than with the switcher.
Below is the chart of AB rolling editing system.
Source VTR 1
Audio Mixer
Source VTR 2
Video Switcher
Record VTR
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Non-Linear Editing Systems (1/2)
Non-Linear Editing Systems
Basic non-linear editing systems depend on highly improved computer
equipment. The systems will be of much efficient if supported with
improved hardware, software, and compression methods and combined
with high-capacity hard disks and optical disks, desktop software can
produce high-quality video and CD-quality audio during editing process.
The controls for non-linear systems come in various configuration:
the utilization of standard computer keyboard and mouse
the stimulation of film controls in an attempt to lure hard-core film
editors to the world of nonlinear editing
can be linked as networks for sharing video and audio data files, for
audio sweetening or for sending rough-cuts (off-line edited programs) to
a client for final approval.
The following section will be the discussion on non-linear editing
features and techniques.
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Non-Linear Editing Systems (2/2)
Non-Linear Editing Features and Techniques
There are common features and techniques to all non-linear systems:
Capturing, compressing, and storing information
capturing is the process of obtaining the analog or digital video
and audio information into the computer.
Compressing is the process of ‘saving’ memory by either keep the
previous files in the memory or absolutely keep the files out of the
memory.
Storing is the process of keeping files on videotape or hard disk.
Juxtaposing and rearranging the video and audio files.
It is the process of recalling and keeping video and audio files
from the computer hard disk.
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Pre-editing Phases
The pre-editing phases include:
the shooting phase: the shooting phase is the most predetermined
aspect in editing phase.
the review phase: it is important to have copies off all source tapes so
the original source tape can be preserved for the actual editing while
reviewing the tape copies.
the decision-making phase: the decision-making phase involves the
selection and sequencing of shots within the context of the total story and
communication purpose.
the operational phase: this phase includes checking the tape after
editing, keep the tapes in a safe place, storing the tapes of a specific
scene into one file so that it will be easier to visualize where things are
and to call up the various shots.
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